不同水肥耦合下双季稻氮磷吸收、利用与流失差异  

Differences in uptake,utilization and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Chinese double rice cropping system under different irrigation and fertilization managements

作　　者：王利民[1,2] 黄东风 张秉涯[3] 潘住财 WANG Li-min;HUANG Dong-feng;ZHANG Bing-ya;PAN Zhu-cai(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350012,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality&Safety,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Soil and Fertilizer Station,Youxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Sanming 365199,Fujian,China;Soil and Fertilizer Station,Nan'an Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Nan'an 362300,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福州350012 [2]福建省农产品质量安全重点实验室,福州350013 [3]尤溪县农业农村局土肥站,福建三明365199 [4]南安市农业农村局土肥站,福建南安362300

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第4期1037-1044,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：福建省公益项目(2020R1025007);福建省英才项目(YC2019006);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J011358)资助。

摘　　要：为优化双季稻水肥管理措施,在福建省东部双季稻区设置田间径流小区试验,研究了T_(0)(对照,未施肥+常规灌溉)、T_(1)[习惯施肥(273 kg N·hm^(-2),59 kg P·hm^(-2),112 kg K·hm^(-2))+常规灌溉]、T_(2)[优化施肥(240 kg N·hm^(-2),52 kg P·hm^(-2),198 kg K·hm^(-2))+常规灌溉]和T_(3)(优化施肥+节水灌溉)4种水肥耦合处理下双季稻产量、养分吸收利用及田面水氮、磷流失变化。结果表明:与T_(0)相比,T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理早稻稻谷产量显著提高了0.7、1.0和1.1倍,晚稻稻谷产量显著提高了0.9、1.1和1.0倍;T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理早、晚稻植株地上部分,尤其稻谷氮、磷吸收量增加显著,早稻稻谷氮吸收量分别增加1.1、1.2和1.2倍,磷吸收量增加0.9、1.4和1.6倍,晚稻稻谷氮吸收量增加0.8、1.0和1.0倍,磷吸收量增加0.7、0.9和0.9倍。T_(3)比T_(1)处理早稻氮、磷肥农学利用率分别显著增加71.1%和69.2%,晚稻分别显著增加26.4%和25.0%,但田面水可溶性总氮流失量减少了16.0%,并以硝态氮流失为主;T_(2)与T_(3)处理早晚稻氮、磷肥农学利用率差异均不显著。本试验中的优化水肥管理措施(T_(3))既能促进水稻氮、磷吸收利用,提高双季稻产量,又能降低早稻田面水氮素尤其是硝态氮的流失。本研究可为福建省东部双季稻区水肥利用管理和氮、磷面源污染防治提供理论支持。In order to optimize water and fertilizer use in the double-cropping rice in eastern Fujian Province,a field runoff plot experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield,nutrient uptake,and runoff losses of N(nitrogen)and P(phosphorus)in the T_(0)(no chemical fertilization with traditional flooding irrigation),T_(1)(common chemical fertilizer of 273 kg N·hm^(-2),59 kg P·hm^(-2),and 112 kg K·hm^(-2)combined with traditional flooding irrigation),T_(2)(chemical fertilizer of 240 kg N·hm^(-2),52 kg P·hm^(-2),and 198 kg K·hm^(-2)combined with traditional flooding irrigation)and T_(3)(chemical fertilizer combined with shallow intermittent irrigation)treatments.Results showed that early rice grain yield in the T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)treatments significantly increased by 0.7,1.0,1.1 times,late rice grain yield significantly increased by 0.9,1.1,1.0 times compared to that in the T_(0)treatment,respectively.The T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)treatments significantly increased the uptake of N and P in aboveground parts of the plants,especially in grains.The T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)treatments significantly increased N uptake by 1.1,1.2,1.2 times,increased P uptake by 0.9,1.4,1.6 times in early-season grains,and significantly increased N uptake by 0.8,1.0,1.0 times,increased P uptake by 0.7,0.9,0.9 times in late-season grains,compared to T_(0),respectively.Furthermore,T_(3)increased agronomic N use efficiency(AEN)and agronomic P use efficiency(AEP)by 71.1%and 69.2%in early rice plants,increased AEN and AEP by 26.4%and 25.0%in late rice plants,whereas T_(3)decreased total dissolved N(DN)by 16.0%in comparison with T_(1).Dissolved inorganic N loss in surface runoff occurred mainly in the form of NO_(3)^(-)-N(nitrate N)under different water and fertilizer regimes.However,there were no significant differences in AEN and AEP between T_(2)and T_(3)treatments.These findings suggested that optimal applications of water and fertilizers(T_(3))might increase N and P uptake in rice plants,maintain yield,and reduce N loss,especially in the form of N

关 键 词：水肥管理 双季稻 肥料利用 地表径流 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]