共同富裕背景下的第三次分配与慈善事业  

The Third Distribution and Philanthropy in the Context of Common Prosperity

作　　者：杨方方[1] Yang Fangfang(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2022年第1期133-159,共27页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“慈善市场的失灵与矫治”(21FGLB066)。

摘　　要：共同富裕的核心要义是全社会共享发展成果和共担社会风险。第三次分配作为实现共同富裕的重要途径、慈善事业作为与第三次分配紧密关联的系统均备受关注。“收入分配”是个多维度的概念;作为机制的第三次分配既独特,也具有“分配共性”;作为场域的第三次分配是开拓创新、机制融合与主体合作的平台。本研究在辨析慈善、公益、人道以及相关组合式表述的基础上,发现与第三次分配近似的组合式表述是“公益人道事业”。其中,聚焦于“雪中送炭”、社会自主性最强的慈善事业是当之无愧的价值担当。宏观来看,慈善事业有针对性地服务社会性弱势群体、生理性弱势群体和发展性弱势群体的过程,就是不断提升自身价值效用并与初次分配、再分配建立有机衔接的过程,分别代表了慈善事业发展的高度、深度和广度。这三者形成的三维发展疆域可在很大程度上决定第三次分配在收入分配体系中的可为空间和作用程度。微观来看,慈善资源流动是在信息对称引导下的“借力-给力-还力”循环。可以预见,在共同富裕背景下,第三次分配不是被动、独自地填补其他分配层次留下的空白,而是更多地通过主动的机制融合来促进其他分配层次内扩、优化以弥合空隙。任何事业的发展都离不开理论研究的支持和指导,第三次分配与慈善事业的发展均需要在经济学视角基础之上多学科参与研究。The core essence of common prosperity lies in sharing development gains and social risk universally.The third distribution,as an important way to achieve common prosperity,together with philanthropy,which is closely related to the third distribution,have attracted much attention recently.Income distribution is a multidimensional concept.The third distribution as a mechanism is unique but shares similarity with other levels of distribution.Also,as a social field it acts like a platform for pioneering innovation,system integration,and cooperation of stakeholders.Based on the analysis of the concepts of philanthropy,public welfare,humanity and relevant combined phrases,this study finds that the expression "public welfare humanitarian aid" is similar to the "third distribution".Philanthropy is highly valued because it focuses on "helping people in need" and has a considerable degree of autonomy.From a macro perspective,philanthropy has established connections with primary distribution and redistribution by serving socially vulnerable groups,physiological vulnerable groups and developmental vulnerable groups,reflecting different dimensions of the development of philanthropy and to a large extent determining the role of the third distribution in the income distribution system.From a micro perspective,the flow of philanthropy resources is a cycle of the borrowing,giving and returning of power",guided by information symmetry.It is foreseeable that in the context of common prosperity,the third distribution will facilitate the recalibration and improvement of the entire distribution system through more active mechanisms,instead of passively and independently narrowing the gaps.The development of any undertaking needs the support and guidance of theoretical research.Likewise,the development of the third distribution and philanthropy requires multidisciplinary research based on economics.

关 键 词：共同富裕 收入分配 第三次分配 慈善事业 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] D632.9[政治法律—政治学]