喷施羧甲基纤维素钾对宁夏引黄灌区土壤及其作物的影响  

Effects of spraying carboxymethyl cellulose potassium on soil properties and crops in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

作　　者：王永杰 颜鑫 王英[3] 刘根红[3] 杨世琦[1,2] WANG Yongjie;YAN Xing;WANG Ying;LIU Genhong;YANG Shiqi(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Climate Change of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业农村部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2022年第6期215-224,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BBF02007)。

摘　　要：为探讨羧甲基纤维素钾(CMC-K)对农田土壤水温环境、土壤养分吸收和作物产量的影响,以宁夏引黄灌区为研究对象,饲草燕麦为供试作物CMC-K为供试材料,采用田间试验,设置CMC-K喷施量0kg/hm^(2)(CK)、50kg/hm^(2)(T1)、100kg/hm^(2)(T2)、200kg/hm^(2)(T3)和300kg/hm^(2)(T4)共5个处理,研究其对灌区土壤理化性质、土壤养分以及作物产量的影响。同时,测定不同处理中土壤含水量、温度、电导率、容重和土壤养分等,分析CMC-K对饲草燕麦产量的影响,以及分析CMC-K施用量与土壤理化性质、养分和饲草燕麦产量的相关性。结果表明:土壤含水量随着CMC-K的喷施量增大而增加,在作物拔节期可使土壤含水量提高39.78%~116.80%;CMC-K可以为作物生育期贡献积温48.4~114.4℃,能够显著提高土壤温度;喷施CMC-K有助于土壤养分保持,在0~10cm土层能够提高全钾和速效钾含量28.31%~63.07%和34.72~95.45%,在10~20cm土层可以提高全钾和速效钾含量12.30%~75.05%和25.65%~125.37%,对有效磷具有固持作用,同时对水解性氮影响明显,可以将水解性氮聚集在上层土壤;对饲草燕麦产量影响显著,提高18.80%~54.11%;CMC-K喷施量与土壤全钾、速效钾含量、土壤含水量以及燕麦产量表现显著正相关,相关系数分别达到0.917、0.982、0.676和0.983。综上所述,在本试验条件下,当CMC-K喷施量为200kg/hm^(2)时,可以显著提高土壤含水量、温度,影响土壤养分,有助于提升土壤全钾和速效钾含量,固持水解性氮,减少养分的淋溶,考虑其经济效益,推荐施用量为100kg/hm^(2)。To investigate the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose potassium(CMC-K)on improving soil water temperature environment,soil nutrient absorption and crop yield in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area(NYRIA),forage oat was taken as the test crop and carboxymethyl cellulose potassium(CMC-K)was used as the test material.A field experiment was carried out,and CMC-K was sprayed at 0kg/hm^(2)(CK),50kg/hm^(2)(T1),100kg/hm^(2)(T2),200kg/hm^(2)(T3)and 300kg/hm^(2)(T4)kg/hm^(2),and their effects on soil physical and chemical properties,soil nutrients and crop yield in irrigated area were studied.By measuring soil water content,temperature,electrical conductivity,bulk density and soil nutrients,the effects of CMC-K on the yield of forage oat and the correlation between CMC-K application,soil physical and chemical properties,soil nutrients and forage oat yield were analyzed.The results are as follows:The soil water content increased with the increase of the amount of CMC-K,and the soil water content increased 39.78%-116.80% at the jointing stage.The accumulated temperature contributed 48.4-114.4℃ during crop growth period,and increased soil temperature significantly.Soil layer 0-10cm was beneficial to soil nutrient conservation.The contents of total K and available K were increased by 28.31%-63.07% and 34.72-95.45% in soil layer 0-20cm,total k and available K contents were increased by 12.30%-75.05% and 25.65%-125.37%,indicating that CMC-K had a fixation effect on available P and a significant effect on hydrolyzed N.The yield of forage oat was increased significantly by 29.9%-62.47%.There was a significant positive correlation between CMC-K application soil total K,available K content,soil water content and oat yield,and the correlation coefficients were 0.917,0.982,0.676 and 0.983,respectively.Under the experimental conditions in this study,when the application amount of CMC-K was 200kg/hm^(2),soil water content,temperature,and soil nutrients were affected,soil total potassium and available potassium contents were increased

关 键 词：羧甲基纤维素钾 宁夏引黄灌区 土壤 饲草燕麦 产量 

分 类 号：S03[农业科学]