4种园林植物叶片的解剖结构及抗旱性  

Leaf anatomical structures of 4 garden plants and their drought resistance

作　　者：宋捷[1] 田青[1] SONG Jie;TIAN Qing(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期262-269,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目(18YF1FA079)。

摘　　要：采用石蜡切片法观察兰州市甘肃农业大学校园和滨河路两处研究区4种常见园林植物叶片的解剖结构,测定了叶片厚度(T_(L))、上(下)角质层厚度(C_(TUE)、C_(TLE))、上(下)表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度(T_(PT))、海绵组织厚度(T_(ST))、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度(P/S)、叶片结构紧密度(T_(LS))、疏松度(L_(LS))10项叶片结构指标,运用主成分分析法和隶属函数法分析4种园林植物的抗旱能力.结果表明,叶片相对含水量和土壤相对含水量均是甘肃农业大学校园大于滨河路,表明滨河路植物所处的环境较为干旱;叶片解剖结构在两研究区表现出不同程度的差异性,旱柳为等面叶,其余3种植物为异面叶,且植物的T_(L)、T_(PT)、P/S、T_(LS)均是滨河路大于甘肃农业大学校园,而T_(ST)和L_(LS)均是滨河路小于甘肃农业大学校园.10个抗旱性指标在4种园林植物间有较大差异,变异系数在11.67%~59.63%,灵敏度较高.园林植物的T_(L)、T_(PT)、T_(LS)、C_(TUE)、C_(TLE)可作为其抗旱性综合评价的主要指标,4种园林植物的抗旱能力排序为紫叶李>紫丁香>旱柳>木槿.在土壤含水量较缺乏的区域可考虑种植紫叶李和紫丁香,在土壤含水量一般的区域可考虑种植旱柳,在土壤含水量相对丰富的区域可优先考虑种植木槿.The leaf anatomical structures of 4 common garden plants were observed by the paraffin section method on the campus of Gansu Agricultural University and the research area of the Binhe Road;leaf thickness(T_(L)),thickness of upper and lower cuticle(C_(TUE),C_(TLE)),thickness of upper and lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue(T_(PT)),thickness of spongy tissue(T_(ST)),palisade tissue thickness/spongy tissue thickness(P/S),density of leaf structure(T_(LS)) and porosity(L_(LS)) were measured,and the principal component analysis and subordinate function method were used to analyze the drought resistance of the 4 garden plants.The results showed that the relative water content of leaves and relative soil moisture were both higher on the campus of Gansu Agricultural University than on the Binhe Road,indicating that the environment of the plants on the Binhe Road was relatively arid;the leaf anatomical structure showed degrees of difference in the two study areas,and the Salix matsudana was with of equal of leaves,while the other three plants had different leaves;the T_(L),T_(PT),P/S and T_(LS) of the plants on the Binhe Road were larger than those on the university campus,while T_(ST) and L_(LS) were both smaller on the Binhe Road than on the campus.The 10 drought resistance indicators were quite different among the 4 garden plants,the coefficient of variation was 11.67% to 59.63%,and the sensitivity was high.The T_(PT),T_(L),T_(LS),C_(TUE) and C_(TLE) of garden plants could be used as the main indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of their drought resistance.The drought resistance of the four garden plants is:Prunus cerasifera>Syringa oblata>Salix matsudana>Hibiscus syriacus.The study showed that Prunus cerasifera and Syringa oblata could be considered in areas with a low soil water content,and Salix matsudana in areas with a normal soil water content,and Hibiscus syriacus should be planted in the areas with relatively rich soil water content.

关 键 词：叶解剖结构 抗旱性 园林植物 

分 类 号：S728.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]