基于分时容量电价的新型电力现货市场设计  

Electricity Market Design Based on Temporal Pricing of Renewable Capacity

作　　者：夏清[1] 杨知方 赖晓文 张媛[2] 向明旭 孟繁林 XIA Qing;YANG Zhifang;LAI Xiaowen;ZHANG Yuan;XIANG Mingxu;MENG Fanlin(Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology(Chongqing University),Shapingba District,Chongqing 400044,China;Beijing TsIntergy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Haidian District,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市海淀区100084 [2]输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆市沙坪坝区400044 [3]北京清能互联科技有限公司,北京市海淀区100080

出　　处：《电网技术》2022年第5期1771-1779,共9页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金智能电网联合重点项目(U1966204)。

摘　　要：为支撑高比例新能源新型电力系统现货市场的建设,需建立精准反映电力时空平衡成本的现货市场机制,形成度量源网荷储价值的价格信号,激励源网荷储精准、高效的互动。当新能源成为主力电源,当前现货市场机制将出现如下问题。1)若新能源决定边际价格,其近零边际成本将导致现货价格信号消失,价格调节作用不复存在;2)若昂贵、少量的灵活性资源决定边际价格,新能源与灵活性资源的供电服务差异性无法体现,新能源将获取超额利润,造成“搭车”现象。为此,文章设计了新能源与灵活性资源解耦、基于新能源固定成本形成分时容量电价的电力现货市场机制。新能源分时容量市场将新能源市场主体固定成本逐日分时分摊,以形成时序价格信号;灵活性资源现货市场通过竞争发现偏差电量平衡、调频、备用等剩余电力平衡服务价格;通过向新能源及用户公平分摊成本,确保满足“谁产生的成本谁承担”的激励相容原则,以市场机制实现灵活性的供需匹配。It is essential to construct an electricity spot market mechanism that effectively reflects the power spatial-temporal balance costs for supporting the development of the new type power system dominated by renewable energy.In such a power system,the traditional electricity spot market mechanism faces the following problems.1)The near-zero marginal cost of renewable energy may cause the disappearance of spot price signals,which will erode the market regulation role of price signals;2)It is hard to show the differences of the power supply services between the renewable energy and the flexible resources,leading to the behavior of“free riding”of some resources and the violation of the incentive compatibility.To address the aforementioned market failure problems,the mechanism of the electricity spot market with decoupling of renewable energy and flexible resources is proposed.In the temporal capacity market for renewable energy,the fixed costs of renewable energy are daily allocated to form the spatial-temporal capacity price signals.For the spot market for flexible resources,the value of surplus power balance services such as energy deviation balance,the frequency regulation,and the reserved are discovered through competition.The renewables and the load consumers are responsible for paying the power balance costs to incentivize the flexibility of the power system,which conforms to the incentive compatibility principle.

关 键 词：新型电力系统 电力现货市场 分时容量价格 灵活性资源 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]