盐沼植被缓流能力观测研究--以崇明东滩海三棱藨草盐沼区为例  

Observation and Study on Flow Attention Capacity of Saltmarsh:A Case Study of Scirpus Mariqueter in Chongming Dongtan

作　　者：谢泽昊 史本伟[1] 田波[1] 陈倩 张文祥[1] 顾靖华[1] Xie Zehao;Shi Benwei;Tian Bo;Chen Qian;Zhang Wenxiang;Gu Jinghua(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2022年第2期571-581,共11页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51320105005,51739005);上海市科委科研计划项目(18DZ1204802);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0101000)。

摘　　要：海岸带盐沼植被可以减缓流速,具有重要的缓流固滩功能.本文以长江口崇明东滩盐沼区植被海三棱藨草(Scirpus Mariqueter)为研究对象,设置“光滩—植被带边缘—植被带”的观测样带,研究生长中期、生长后期和枯萎期不同物候期海三棱藨草缓流能力的差异.结果表明:海三棱藨草植被带具有显著的缓流能力,平均流速小于相邻光滩,缓流能力强于相邻光滩,单位距离流速衰减率是光滩的1.47~3.48倍;不同物候期缓流能力存在差异,呈现生长中期>生长后期>枯萎期的规律,生长中期、生长后期和枯萎期的单位距离流速衰减率分别为1.15%,1.06%和0.50%m^(-1).海三棱藨草植被带的单位距离流速衰减率与植被带边缘流速呈正相关,3个物候期的相关性系数(R)均大于0.80;除枯萎期为正相关外,生长中期、生长后期植被单位距离流速衰减率与边缘水深为负相关,R的绝对值均超过0.90.Saltmarshes in coastal area can reduce flow velocity and stabilize sediments.In this study,we took Scirpus mariqueter in Chongming Dongtan of the Yangtze Estuary as the research object,and set up three observation transects with the pattern of“mudflat-vegetation frontier-vegetation”to measure the flow velocity,direction and water depth in different phenological periods.The results show that Scirpus mariqueter has a significant capacity to reduce flow velocity:The average velocity in saltmarsh is lower than that of the mudflat,the capacity of attenuation is stronger than that of the mudflat,and the flow attenuation rate is 1.47 to 3.48 times that of the mudflat.In different phenological periods,the flow attenuation rates in Scirpus mariqueter saltmarsh rank in the following order:Mid growing period>late growing period>withering period,which are 1.15%,1.06%,and 0.50%m^(-1),respectively.The capacity of flow attenuation is positively related to the flow velocity,and the correlation coefficients of the three phenological periods are all greater than 0.80.Except for the withering period,the capacity of flow attenuation is negatively related to water depth,and the absolute value of correlation coefficient is greater than 0.90.

关 键 词：缓流 海三棱藨草 长江口 崇明东滩 盐沼区 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]