外加阻尼器车床主轴振动抑制方法与实验研究  

Method and Experimental Research on Vibration Suppression of Spindle of Lathe with External Damper

作　　者：凌益民 肖长天 刘宜杰 庞伟 毛新勇[2] 尹玲[4] Ling Yimin;Xiao Changtian;Liu Yijie;Pang Wei;Mao Xinyong;Yin Ling(Dongguan GooDa Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan,Guangdong 523562,China;Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Science&Technology Innovation,Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China;Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市固达机械制造有限公司,广东东莞523562 [2]华中科技大学,武汉430074 [3]东莞理工科技创新研究院,广东东莞523808 [4]东莞理工学院机器人与智能装备创新中心,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2022年第4期38-46,共9页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：广东省普通高校机器人与智能装备重点实验室项目(编号:2017KSYS009);东莞理工学院机器人与智能装备创新中心项目(编号:KCYCXPT2017006)。

摘　　要：数控机床在加工过程中,主轴振动会对加工质量产生较大影响。针对传统通过更换主轴以减小振动等方法中存在的不便,以VMC850E型立式数控加工中心为研究对象,设计了一种外加阻尼器,通过附加阻尼和质量块的形式吸收主轴振动的能量以减小主轴振动强度。在外加阻尼器后,主轴的随机启停空运行响应信号幅值有明显的降低,说明外加阻尼器对主轴的振动确实有抑制效果。根据工作变形分析法来分解机床各阶模态对加工过程中结构振动的贡献程度,分析了切削激励力对主轴主振模态及振动特性的影响,以及外加阻尼器后主轴各阶模态对加工过程中结构振动贡献程度的变化情况。并通过空运行实验和切削加工实验验证了外加阻尼器对车床主轴的抑振效果,表明在特定的加工参数下,外加阻尼越大则主轴的振幅信号越小,即抑振的效果越好。During the processing of CNC machine tools,the vibration of the spindle will have a greater impact on the processing quality.Aiming at the inconveniences of traditional methods such as replacing the spindle to reduce vibration,taking the VMC850E vertical CNC machining center as the research object,an additional damper was designed to absorb the energy of the spindle vibration through the form of additional damping and mass blocks to reduce the vibration intensity of the spindle.After the damper was added,the amplitude of the response signal of the random start stop idle operation of the main shaft was significantly reduced,which showed that the damper was indeed effective in restraining the vibration of the main shaft.According to the working deformation analysis method,the contribution degree of each mode of the machine tool to the structural vibration in the machining process was decomposed.The influence of the cutting excitation force on the main vibration mode and vibration characteristics of the spindle was analyzed,as well as the change of the contribution degree of each mode of the spindle to the structural vibration in the machining process after adding the damper.The vibration suppression effect of the external damper on the lathe spindle was verified through the empty running experiment and cutting experiment.It shows that under the specific processing parameters,the greater the external damping is,the smaller the amplitude signal of the spindle is,that is,the better the vibration suppression effect is.

关 键 词：数控机床 车床振动 动力学特性 模态分析 振动响应 

分 类 号：TG502.14[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]