新疆奇台石城子遗址出土炭化植物遗存研究  

Archaeobotanical Investigations of Charred Plant Seeds Recovered from the Shichengzi Tuntian Settlement of the Han dynasty,Qitai County,Xinjiang

作　　者：生膨菲 田小红 吴勇 Sheng Pengfei;Tian Xiaohong;Wu Yong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系 [2]复旦大学科技考古研究院 [3]新疆文物考古研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2022年第2期117-126,171,172,共12页The Western Regions Studies

摘　　要：新疆奇台石城子遗址2018年发现青稞、小麦、黍和粟四种炭化农作物遗存,其中青稞占据多数,测年结果为西汉晚期至东汉时期,为探讨天山北麓两汉时期屯田经济提供了直接证据。通过对石城子及其他周边遗址植物考古数据的比较分析,我们发现石城子汉代采取了因地制宜的农业生产策略,这应是屯田戍卒借鉴新疆地区早期铁器时代农牧混合人群的农业适应策略并融合了自身农业生产经验的结果。The authors used archaeobotanical methods to identify and analyze the carbonized plant seeds recovered from the Shichengzi site,a tuntian settlement of the Han dynasty in the Qitai County of Xinjiang.Four kinds of cereal crops including naked barley,wheat,common millet and foxtail millet were identified.The regional cropping pattern was likely dominated by the naked barley.The direct 14C dating results of charred naked barley and wheat seeds range from the late period of the Western Han dynasty to the Eastern Han dynasty.The floral remains provide essential data for further investigation of the military agricultural economy of the Han dynasty at the northern foot of the Tianshan mountains.By comparing with previous archaeobotanical data from other sites in Xinjiang,we find that those military farmers who lived in the Han frontier town of Shichengzi likely adopted a risk avoidence-oriented and diversified agricultural strategy to ensure that they produced enough surplus to sustain the garrison under the relatively cold climatic conditions.We argue that this strategy should be the result of the Han population combining their own farming ways with the agricultural adaptation strategies of the early Iron Age agropastoralists around the Shichengzi site in ancient Xinjiang.

关 键 词：汉代 屯田经济 石城子遗址 植物考古 农业考古 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]