采用自然工质的冰场制冷系统性能分析  

Performance analysis of ice rink refrigeration system using natural working fluid

作　　者：张振迎 许禹菲 尹浩伊 龚凯 王昆 Zhang Zhenying;Xu Yufei;Yin Haoyi;Gong Kai;Wang Kun(School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学建筑工程学院,唐山063210

出　　处：《低温与超导》2022年第4期51-57,共7页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划(20474501D);河北省自然科学基金(E2020209121);河北省体育局体育科技研究项目(20203004);唐山市科技创新团队项目(21130202D)资助。

摘　　要：制冷系统在冰场建筑节能与环保方面有着巨大的潜力。以哈尔滨、北京和广州三城市为例,从热力学性能、运行能耗、经济性以及碳排放四个方面对采用CO_(2)和NH_(2)两种自然工质的冰场制冷系统性能进行了分析。结果表明:当室外温度在5℃以下时,CO_(2)制冷系统的COP高于NH_(2)制冷系统,双级CO_(2)系统相对NH_(2)-CO_(2)系统和NH_(2)-CaCl_(2)系统分别提高12%和25.1%;当室外温度在5—20℃时,CO_(2)系统和NH_(2)系统COP相接近;当室外温度高于20℃时,CO_(2)系统COP相对NH_(2)系统低46%左右。相对CaCl_(2)作为载冷剂,CO_(2)作为载冷剂可减少90%以上的载冷剂泵功。在三个城市的气候条件下,NH_(2)-CaCl_(2)系统的初投资最低,NH_(2)-CO_(2)系统的运行能耗、运行费用和碳排放均较低,单级压缩CO_(2)系统的运行能耗、运行费用和碳排放均较高,双级压缩CO_(2)系统相对单级压缩CO_(2)系统性能提升明显,在哈尔滨气候条件下的性能比NH_(2)-CO_(2)系统性能稍好。The refrigeration system has great potential in energy saving and environmental protection of ice rink building. Taking Harbin, Beijing and Guangzhou as examples, the performance of ice rink refrigeration system using CO_(2) and NH_(2) was analyzed from four aspects of thermodynamic performance, operating energy consumption, economy and carbon emission. The results show that when the outdoor temperature is below 5 ℃, COP of CO_(2) refrigeration system is higher than that of NH_(2)refrigeration system, and COP of two-stage CO_(2) system is 12% and 25.1% higher than that of NH_(2)-CO_(2) system and NH_(2)-CaCl_(2) system, respectively. When the outdoor temperature is 5 to 20 ℃, COP of CO_(2) system is close to that of NH_(2) system. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 20 ℃, COP of CO_(2) system is about 46% lower than that of NH_(2) system. Compared with CaCl_(2) as secondary refrigerant, CO_(2) as secondary refrigerant can reduce pump work of secondary refrigerant by more than 90%. Under the climate conditions of the three cities, the initial investment of NH_(2)-CaCl_(2) system is the lowest, and the NH_(2)-CO_(2) system has relatively low operating energy consumption, operating cost and carbon emission, while the single-stage CO_(2) system has the highest operating energy consumption, operating cost and carbon emission, and the performance of two-stage CO_(2) system is significantly improved compared with that of single-stage CO_(2) system. The performance of the two-stage CO_(2) system is slightly better than that of the NH_(2)-CO_(2) system in Harbin climate.

关 键 词：冰场 制冷系统 自然工质 能耗 经济性 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]