氨基酸水溶肥与烟草追肥配施对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响  

Effect of Amino Acid Water-soluble Fertilizer Combined with Topdressing Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：胡海 吕世保 潘义宏 石成广 王圣丰 阳广猛 朱宏强 褚建忠 沈应欢 周芳芳 HU Hai;LYU Shibao;PAN Yihong;SHI Chengguang;WANG Shenfeng;YANG Guangmeng;ZHU Hongqiang;CHU Jianzhong;SHEN Yinghuan;ZHOU Fangfang(Hebei Zhongyan industry Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050011;Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655000;Yunnan Wooja Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中烟工业有限责任公司,河北石家庄050011 [2]云南省烟草公司曲靖市烟草公司,云南曲靖655000 [3]云南五佳生物科技有限公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第5期23-32,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北中烟工业有限责任公司项目“云南核心基地单元高端原料生产定向提升技术研究与示范”(HBZY2022A001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明氨基酸水溶肥与烟草专用肥配施烤烟生长发育及品质的变化规律,为氨基酸水溶肥在烤烟生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟87为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,研究氨基酸水溶肥与烟草专用肥不同配施〔基肥70%烟草专用肥+掏苗后20 d内追施2次肥(每次追烟草专用肥37.5 kg/hm^(2)+氨基酸水溶肥7.5 kg/hm^(2)),基肥70%烟草专用肥+掏苗后第20天追肥1次烟草专用肥75 kg/hm^(2)+氨基酸水溶肥30 kg/hm^(2)),基肥70%烟草专用肥+掏苗后第20天追肥1次(烟草专用肥75 kg/hm^(2)+氨基酸水溶肥15 kg/hm^(2)),当地常规基追肥(CK)〕对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响。【结果】氨基酸水溶肥配施方式对烤烟生育期影响较小,不会提前或延长烤烟采收时期;基肥施用70%烟草复合肥+掏苗第20天追肥1次(75 kg/hm^(2)烟草专用肥+氨基酸水溶肥15 kg/hm^(2))能够增加烤烟有效叶数(1~2片),改善烟叶物理特性和化学成分协调性,较CK提升中上等烟叶比例(4.1%)、均价(4.9%)、产量(1.87%)和产值(6.65%);其余处理与CK间差异较小。【结论】宣威及相似烟区氨基酸水溶肥与烟草专用肥配施最适方案为基肥70%烟草专用复合肥+掏苗后第20天追肥1次(75 kg/hm^(2)烟草专用肥+15 kg/hm^(2)氨基酸水溶肥),可有效提高烤烟的产质量。【Objective】The change rule of how applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer combined with special fertilizer influence the growth,development and quality of flue-cured tobacco is studied,which provides guidance for application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco production.【Method】With field trials,Yunyan 87 is used as material to study its growth,yield and quality under different treatments of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer combined with special tobacco fertilizer〔70%tobacco fertilizer as base fertilizer+topdressing 2 times within 20 days after seedling take-out(37.5 kg/hm^(2) tobacco fertilizer+7.5 kg/hm^(2) amino acid water-soluble fertilizer each time),70%tobacco fertilizer as base fertilizer+topdressing 1 time on the 20^(th) day after seedling take-out(75 kg/hm^(2) tobacco fertilizer+30 kg/hm^(2) amino acid feritilzer),70%tobacco fertilizer as base fertilizer+topdressing 1 time on the 20^(th) day after seedling take-out(75 kg/hm^(2) tobacco fertilizer+15 kg/hm^(2) amino acid feritilzer),and conventional topdressing(CK)〕.【Result】The results shows that combined application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer has little effect on tobacco growth period and would not advance or postpone its harvest time.The treatment of 70%tobacco fertilizer as base fertilizer+topdressing 1 time on the 20^(th) day(75 kg/hm^(2) tobacco fertilizer+15 kg/hm^(2) amino acid feritilzer)can increase the number of effective tobacco leaves(1~2 leaves),and improve tobacco physical characteristics and chemical components harmony.With this treatment,the medium-upper class ratio of tobacco,average price,yield and output value increases by 4.1%,4.9%,1.87%and 6.65%compared with CK,respectively,while there are litter difference between CK and other treatments.【Conclusion】70%special tobacco fertilizer as base fertilizer+topdressing 1 time on the 20^(th) day after seedling take-out(75 kg/hm^(2) tobacco fertilizer+15 kg/hm^(2) amino acid water soluble fertilizer)is the best formula of combined

关 键 词：氨基酸水溶肥 烤烟生长 烟叶 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]