脲甲醛基缓控释肥料的养分释放与淋溶损失规律  

Nutrient Release and Leaching Loss Rules of Urea-formaldehyde-base Slow-controlled Release Fertilizers

作　　者：王文艳[1] 刘亚青[1] 赵贵哲[1] WANG Wenyan;LIU Yaqing;ZHAO Guizhe(Shanxi Center for Polymeric Composite Engineering Technology/School of Material Science and Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学山西省高分子复合材料工程技术研究中心/材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第5期72-79,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省教育厅项目“聚合物基功能新材料山西省‘1331工程’重点创新团队”(2018);山西省教育厅项目“新材料产业创新学科群建设”(2016)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同缓控释肥料的氮(N)、磷(P)释放及淋溶损失规律,为缓释肥料在农业上的应用及解决缓释肥料养分利用率低问题提供参考。【方法】通过盆栽淋溶损失试验研究含氮磷钾脲甲醛基缓控释肥料(PSRF)、含氮磷钾硅脲甲醛基缓控释肥料(GSRFEx)、具有吸水保水功能的含氮磷钾脲甲醛基半互穿聚合物网状缓控释肥料(SI-PSRF/SAP_(CS))、含氮脲甲醛缓控释肥料(S-UF)及含氮磷钾硫包衣尿素复混肥(S-CRF)共5种缓控释肥料的氮(N)、磷(P)释放及淋溶损失。【结果】在5种缓控释肥料中,热稳定性SI-PSRF/SAP_(CS)最高,S-CRF相对较低;S-CRF的N累积释放率及最终N累积淋溶损失占累积释放的比率最高,分别为40.19%和47.23%;所有缓控释肥料的P累积释放率过高,为86.64%~97.46%,但最终P累积淋溶损失占累积释放的比率在10%左右。【结论】5种缓控释肥料最终N累积淋溶损失率控制在10%左右最佳;4种缓控释肥料最终P累积淋溶损失率在10%左右,淋失率较低,释放出的磷大部分被固定在土壤中。【Objective】The release and leaching loss rules of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)of different slow-controlled release fertilizers are investigated to provide a reference for the application of slow release fertilizers in agriculture and solving the low nutrient utilization of slow release fertilizers.【Method】The release and leaching loss of N and P in five kinds of slow-controlled release fertilizers is studied by leaching loss test of pot culture,including the urea-formaldehyde-base slow-controlled release fertilizer containing N,P and K(PSRF),the urea-formaldehyde-base slow-controlled release fertilizer containing N,P,K and Si(GSRFEx),the urea-formaldehyde-base semi-interpenetrating polymer network slow-controlled release fertilizer containing N,P and K with water absorption and water retention function(SI-PSRF/SAP_(CS)),the urea formaldehyde-base slow-controlled release fertilizers containing N(S-UF)and sulfur coated urea compound fertilizer containing N,P and K(S-CRF).【Result】Among the five kinds of slow-controlled release fertilizers,the thermal stability of SI-PSRF/SAP_(CS) is the highest,while S-CRF is relatively low.The N cumulative release rate and the ratio of final N cumulative leaching loss to cumulative release of S-CRF are the highest,which are 40.19%and 47.23%respectively.The P cumulative release rate of all slow-controlled release fertilizers is too high with 86.64%~97.46%,but the final P cumulative leaching loss accounts for about 10%of the cumulative release.【Conclusion】The final N cumulative leaching loss rate of five slow-controlled release fertilizers should be controlled at about 10%.The final P cumulative leaching loss rate of four slow-controlled release fertilizers is about 10%,and the leaching loss rate is low,indicating that most of the released P is fixed in the soil.

关 键 词：脲甲醛 缓控释肥料 养分释放 淋溶损失 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] TQ449[农业科学—农业基础科学]