杨木屑替代杂木屑熟料栽培平菇的配方筛选  

Formula Screen of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated with Poplar Sawdust Instead of Mixed Sawdust

作　　者：张春艳 魏雅冬 胡畔 ZHANG Chunyan;WEI Yadong;HU Pan(College of Agriculture and Water Conservancy Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua,Heilongjiang 152061,China)

机构地区：[1]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,黑龙江绥化152061

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第5期106-112,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高校基本科研业务费项目“杨木屑与玉米秸秆熟料袋栽平菇技术研究”(KYYWF10236190116)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明杨木屑替代杂木屑栽培平菇的可行性及其与玉米秸秆不同配比对平菇菌丝生长状况、子实体农艺性状及产量等的影响,为平菇栽培基质的选择和配制提供参考依据。【方法】以侧耳属平菇糙皮侧耳、金顶侧耳和美味侧耳为试验材料,以杨木屑和玉米秸秆为栽培主料,通过调整杨木屑和玉米秸秆的比例设计平菇栽培基质配方,以传统配方栽培为CK,比较分析不同配方基质栽培平菇菌丝生长情况、子实体农艺性状、头潮菇产量和生物学效率等的差异,筛选适合平菇栽培的基质配方。【结果】在杨木屑30%+玉米秸秆53%+麦麸10%+黄豆粉2%+玉米粉3%+石灰1%+石膏1%组成的培养基上糙皮侧耳、金顶侧耳和美味侧耳3种平菇的菌丝生长情况、子实体农艺性状、头潮菇产量和生物学效率均表现最佳,均优于其他配方,与CK最接近,其菌丝生长速度最快(为9.14~9.79 mm/d),菌丝长势强,菌丝满袋时间最短(为24~26 d),子实体菌盖直径最大且最厚,菌柄长度适中且最粗,子实体外观色泽好、圆整、韧性好且朵大型好;糙皮侧耳头潮菇产量为180 g/袋,生物学效率为119.21%;金顶侧耳头潮菇产量为173 g/袋,生物学效率为114.57%;美味侧耳头潮菇产量为179 g/袋,生物学效率为118.54%。【结论】杨木屑30%+玉米秸秆53%+麦麸10%+黄豆粉2%+玉米粉3%+石灰1%+石膏1%适宜侧耳属平菇糙皮侧耳、金顶侧耳和美味侧耳的栽培。【Objective】To explore the feasibility of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with poplar sawdust instead of mixed sawdust and the effects of different ratio of poplar sawdust conbined with corn straw on the mycelial growth,fruiting agronomic traits and yield of P.ostreatus,which provides a reference basis for the selection and preparation of P.ostreatus cultivation substrate.【Method】Taking P.ostreatus,P.citrinopileatus and P.sapidus as experimental materials,and poplar sawdust together with corn straw as main cultivation materials,the cultivation substrate formula of P.ostreatus is designed by adjusting the proportion of poplar sawdust and corn straw.Taking the cultivation by traditional formula as CK,the differences of mycelial growth,the agronomic characteristics of fruiting body,yield of head tide mushroom and biological efficiency of P.ostreatus cultivated with different formula are compared and analyzed,so as to screen the substrate formula suitable for P.ostreatus cultivation.【Result】With 30%poplar sawdust+53%corn straw+10%wheat bran+2%soybean flour+3%corn flour+1%lime+1%gypsum,the mycelial growth,agronomic characteristics of fruiting body,yield of first tide mushroom and biological efficiency of the three kinds of P.ostreatus are the best,which are better than other formulas and the closest to CK.Among them,the mycelial growth rate is the fastest with 9.14~9.79 mm/d.The mycelium growth is strong and the shortest time of mycelium filling is 24~26 d.The diameter of fruiting body cap is the largest and thickest,the length of stipe is moderate and thickest,and the appearance of fruiting body is good in color,roundness,toughness and large flower.The yield of P.ostreatus is 180 g/bag and the biological efficiency is 119.21%.The yield of P.citrinopileatus is 173 g/bag and the biological efficiency is 114.57%;The yield of P.sapidus is 179 g/bag and the biological efficiency is 118.54%.【Conclusion】30%poplar sawdust+53%corn straw+10%wheat bran+2%soybean flour+3%corn flour+1%lime+1%gypsum is suitable for

关 键 词：杨木屑 玉米秸秆 侧耳属平菇 基质配方 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]