批评的反思:梅列日科夫斯基的契诃夫批评中的主体性问题  

Critical Reflection:Subjectivity in Merezhkovsky's Criticism of Chekhov

作　　者：杨昕 YANG Xin

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期193-204,208,共13页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：文学批评不仅是对文学文本的客观反映,更是批评家主体性自我实现的场域。这种主体性既与批评者的主体意识密不可分,又与其不断尝试突破自身主体意识息息相关。梅列日科夫斯基对契诃夫的评价就是如此。在审美层面,梅列日科夫斯基本人作为文学家和象征主义者的视角交织其中;在思想层面,他作为主观批评家与宗教探索者的视点在不断转换。我们既应探究梅列日科夫斯基评价契诃夫创作的具体观点,也应关注批评家做出某些评论时的具体视角,更应在梅列日科夫斯基的“自我”与“超越”相互博弈抑或融合之时,把握住主体性影响下多样解读的可能性。任何批评都是批评家基于不同视角与作家作品进行对话的产物。在多重交织的对话之间,文学批评赋予了批评文本以多样解读的空间。Literary criticism is more of a field of self-realization of critics subjectivity,which is both inseparable from the critic's subject consciousness and closely related to his continuous attempts to break through his own subject consciousness,than just the objective reflection of literary texts.This is exactly how Merezhkovsky's criticism of Chekhov works.On the aesthetic level,the critical perspectives as a writer and as a symbolist are intertwined;on the ideological level,the viewpoints of a subjective critic and of a religious explorer are constantly converting.Merezhkovsky's specific views on Chekhov's creation should be explored and at the same time attention should be paid to the specific perspectives when he makes certain comments and the possibility of diverse interpretations under the influence of the subjectivity when Merezhkovsky s“self”and“self-transcendence”compete or merge with each other.In fact,any criticism is the product of a dialogue between the critic and the writer's works from different angles,and multiple intertwined dialogues give the texts of criticism multifaceted interpretations.

关 键 词：文学批评 梅列日科夫斯基 契诃夫 主体性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]