餐厨废弃物作堆肥在水稻生产中的应用及对土壤环境的影响  

Application of Kitchen Waste as Compost in Rice Production and Its Effects on Paddy Soil

作　　者：刘欣宇 田培聪 卢江 钱佳宇 方昭[1] 曹盼 田光明[5] LIU Xinyu;TIAN Peicong;LU Jiang;QIAN Jiayu;FANG Zhao;CAO Pan;TIAN Guangming(Organic Recycling Research Institute(Suzhou)of China Agricultural University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215100,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Marxism,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [3]安徽农业大学马克思主义学院,合肥230036 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083 [5]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第3期58-61,65,共5页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2016YFD0800605);苏州市农业科技创新项目(SNG2020041)。

摘　　要：为探索餐厨废弃物作堆肥应用于水稻生产过程中的适宜性,设置3组餐厨堆肥用量梯度(15.00 t/hm^(2)、30.00 t/hm^(2)和45.00 t/hm^(2)),并以当地常用的复合肥(0.38 t/hm^(2))及鸡粪堆肥(13.49 t/hm^(2))作为施肥对照进行田间小区试验,对不同处理水稻产量、稻米品质、土壤安全性以及经济效益等指标进行测定评价。结果表明,餐厨堆肥处理的水稻产量高于化肥处理,并有效改善了稻米品质;餐厨堆肥处理显著提升了土壤中有机质及速效钾含量,且土壤重金属含量远低于国家标准规定的上限值,属于安全范围;施用15 t/hm^(2)餐厨堆肥处理能够为水稻生产带来正向的经济效益。结果可为餐厨废弃物堆肥化利用提供技术理论支撑。In order to explore the suitability of kitchen waste compost in rice production,three treatments of kitchen compost(15.00 t/hm^(2),30.00 t/hm^(2) and 45.00 t/hm^(2))were set based on a field plot experiment.The rice yield,grain quality,soil safety and economic benefit were measured and evaluated with local iso-nitrogen fertilizer(0.38 t/hm^(2))and chicken manure compost(13.49 t/hm^(2))as the control.The results showed that the kitchen compost treatment had higher rice yield than chemical fertilizer treatment and improved grain quality effectively.The kitchen compost treatment significantly increased the contents of organic matter and available potassium in the soil,and the content of heavy metals in the soil was far below the upper limit specified by the national standard,which belongs to the safe range.The treatment of 15.00 t/hm^(2) of kitchen compost could bring positive economic benefits to rice production.The experimental results can provide technical and theoretical support for kitchen waste compost.

关 键 词：水稻 餐厨废弃物 堆肥 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学] S141.4