“两山论”:人地关系理论的中国实践与时代升华  

‘Two Mountains’ theory: Chinese practice and promotion of the theories about human-environment relationship

作　　者：郝兆印 王成新[1,2] 白铭月 邓祥征[4,5] 窦旺胜 于尚坤[1,2] HAO Zhaoyin;WANG Chengxin;BAI Mingyue;DENG Xiangzheng;DOU Wangsheng;YU Shangkun(College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong 250358,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Human‑Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong,Shandong Normal University,Ji‑nan Shandong 250358,China;Jinan Engineering Consulting Institute,Jinan Shandong 250002,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250358 [2]山东师范大学“人地协调与绿色发展”山东省高校协同创新中心,山东济南250358 [3]济南市工程咨询院,山东济南250002 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [5]中国科学院农业政策研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第3期136-144,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国城市收缩的时空演变及其影响机理研究”(批准号:20BJY070);山东省自然科学基金项目“基于多源数据的城市用地结构演变及其功能响应研究”(批准号:ZR2019MD043)。

摘　　要：人地关系是可持续发展研究的永恒主题。近百年来,相关学者先后提出了环境决定论、可能论(或然论)、适应论、文化景观论、人地和谐论等不同观点的人地关系理论,反映了特定发展阶段人类系统和自然环境系统关系的动态演变,也反映出人类对自然认识的不断深化。近30年来,人地关系理论研究和发展在缓慢演进,而习近平提出的“两山论”,是基于新中国成立70多年来人地关系的坎坷实践和世界发展大势的一种崭新的人地关系理论,是人地关系的一次质的飞跃。它呼应了从人地割裂、人地互敬演化到人地融合的时代要求,为世界人地关系理论发展和创新注入了中国智慧。从科学内涵看,“两山论”蕴含着丰富的人地系统演化哲学,诠释了“人”的发展与“地”的保护内在统一、相互促进和协调共生的方法路径,继承和弘扬了中国传统的“天人合一”思想,拓展和深化了马克思主义人与自然的辩证关系,丰富和创新了习近平生态文明思想,深刻揭示了经济社会发展的基本规律,奠定了建设“人与自然和谐共生的现代化”的理论基础。从时代价值看,“两山论”契合国家“五位一体”总体布局要求,在政治、经济、社会、生态、文化五个维度彰显了中国特色人地关系融合共生发展的价值意蕴,是新时代美丽中国建设的重要指引。“两山论”丰富和发展了地理学的人地关系理论,是人地观和方法论的革新和升华,值得各界学者深入挖掘和学习弘扬。The human-environment relationship has always been a research topic of sustainable development. In the past century,many theories about the human-environment relationship, such as environmental determinism, possibilism(probability theory), adaptation theory, cultural landscape theory, and human-environment harmony theory, have been put forward. These theories have reflected the dynamic change of the relationship between human and the natural environment, and advanced human understanding on nature. In the past 30 years, few breakthroughs have occurred in the studies on the human-environment relationship until the’Two Mountains’ theory(’Clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver’, or’lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’) was put forward by President Xi Jinping. The’Two Mountains’ theory is a new theory of the human-environment relationship based on the general trend of world development and the difficult practice in the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It is a qualitative leap in the development of the human-environment relationship theory, and has resonated with the requirements of the times from human-environment separation, human-environment mutual respect to human-environment integration.Furthermore, it has provided Chinese wisdom for the development and innovation of the human-environment relationship theories in the world. From a scientific perspective, the’Two Mountains’ theory contains a rich philosophy about the evolution of the human-environment system, and has interpreted the methods and paths of achieving the intrinsic unity, mutual promotion and coordinated symbiosis between the human development and environment protection. It has inherited and carried forward the traditional Chinese thought of the’unity of man and nature’, and expanded and deepened the Marxist dialectical relationship between man and nature. Enriching and innovating the Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization in t

关 键 词：“两山论” 习近平生态文明思想 人地关系 生态文明 中国特色 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]