微润灌下施肥浓度和水头对水氮分布的研究  

Effects of Fertilizer Concentration and Water Head on Distribution of Water and Nitrogen Under Moistube Irrigation

作　　者：孟涵 申丽霞[1] 王瑞军 李慧敏 李京玲[1] 孙雪岚[1] MENG Han;SHEN Li-xia;WANG Rui-jun;LI Hui-min;LI Jing-ling;SUN Xue-lan(College of Water Conservancy and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第5期83-88,96,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211020-2);山西省自然科学基金项目(201901D111059,202103021224093)。

摘　　要：为探究微润灌溉下施肥浓度和压力水头对土壤水氮分布的影响,进行了室内土箱模拟试验,试验设置2个压力水头H1 (1.0 m)和H2 (1.5 m),4个施肥(硝酸铵钙)浓度N0 (未施肥)、N3 (300 mg/L)、N6 (600 mg/L)、N9 (900 mg/L),进行2×4双因素分析,对湿润锋运移、累计入渗量、土壤水分和硝态氮含量变化进行了测定分析。结果表明:在1.0~1.5 m水头,0~900 mg/L施肥浓度下,随着压力水头增大和肥液浓度提高,湿润锋运移距离和运移速度、累计入渗量及湿润体内相同位置处土壤含水率和硝态氮含量都会增大;湿润锋的运移距离与时间呈幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.9),运移速率随试验进行变慢;土壤含水率在微润管附近含量最高,远处逐渐减少,随着入渗的进行土壤最大含水率所在位置逐渐下移;硝态氮会在远处积累,与含水率的分布规律相反,硝态氮易随水流失,最大值多出现在远处深层土壤处。当压力水头为1.5 m、硝酸铵钙浓度为900 mg/L时,湿润锋运移最快,湿润体中含水率和硝态氮含量最高,在应用于农业种植时为较适宜的处理。In order to explore the effects of fertilization concentration and pressure head on soil water-nitrogen distribution under moistube irrigation, an indoor soil box simulation experiment was carried out. The experiment set two pressure heads of H1(1.0 m) and H2(1.5 m), and four fertilization(calcium ammonium nitrate) concentrations, including N0(without fertilization), N3(300 mg/L), N6(600 mg/L) and N9(900mg/L), and 2×4 two-factor analysis was performed. The wetting front migration, cumulative infiltration, soil moisture and the variation of nitrate nitrogen content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under the conditions of 1.0~1.5 m water head and 0~900 mg/L fertilizer concentration, the migration distance, migration speed, cumulative infiltration, soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content in the same position of the wetting body increased with the increase of pressure water head and fertilizer concentration. The migration distance of wet front has a power function relation with time(R^(2)>0.9), and the migration rate slowed down with the experiment progress. The content of soil moisture content was the highest near the moist-tube and gradually decreased in the distance. The position of the maximum soil moisture content gradually moves down with the infiltration progress. The nitrate nitrogen accumulated in the distance. Contrary to the distribution law of water content, nitrate nitrogen was easily lost with water, and the maximum value occurred at distant deep soil. When the pressure head was1.5 m and the calcium ammonium nitrate concentration was 900 mg/L, the wetting front moved the fastest, and the moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content in the wetting body were the highest, which was a more suitable treatment for agricultural planting.

关 键 词：微润灌溉 农业工程 硝态氮 肥料浓度 湿润锋 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]