基于雪车启动能力的车撬赛道分级研究  

Research on Sliding Tracks Classification Based on Bobsleigh Push-start Ability

作　　者：王泽田 王孝强 吴迎[1] Wang Zetian;Wang Xiaoqiang;Wu Ying(School of kinesiology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]山东体育学院体育与健康学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第5期1-5,11,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(项目编号:2018YFF0300404);国家体育总局奥运科技攻关项目(项目编号:2019634)。

摘　　要：目的:深入研究雪车雪橇赛道特点,为雪车项目科学备战提供理论支持。方法:收集17-20赛季重要国际级雪车赛事与2022年北京冬奥会雪车比赛数据,使用皮尔逊相关系数、独立样本t检验、共同方差等方法来确定启动时间对比赛成绩的影响,及精英运动员与普通运动员的实力差距,并进一步深入分析各赛道难度。结果:(1)大部分赛道中,启动时间与比赛成绩存在中等程度以上相关性,精英运动员与普通运动员启动时间与比赛成绩存在中等程度以上差异;(2)雪车运动员启动时间减少0.01秒可提升约0.03秒比赛成绩,且普通运动员启动时间减少对于比赛成绩提升更为显著;(3)大多数赛道均为启动主导或启动中等占比赛道。结论:减少启动时间是提升比赛成绩的关键,除惠斯勒与普莱西德湖赛道难度较大以外,其余赛道均为简单或中等难度。应根据运动员特点、参赛小项和赛道难度灵活配置舵手与刹车手(推车手)的组合,有针对性地进行训练参赛,为取得优异成绩打下基础。The purpose is to conduct in-depth study of the characteristics of the sliding tracks to provide theoretical support for scientific preparations for the bobsleigh competitions.Methods:the data was collected from the international bobsleigh competitions during 2017-20 seasons and in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.The Pearson’s correlation coefficients,independent t-test,common variances and other methods were used to determine the influence of push-start time on the racing outcome,and the ability gap between elite athletes and ordinary athletes,as well as the difficulties of those tracks.Results:(a)In most tracks,there is a medium or above correlation between the push-start time and race outcome,and a medium or above difference in push-start time and race outcome between elite athletes and ordinary athletes;(b)For bobsleigh athletes,the performance will be enhanced by 0.03 seconds for every 0.01 second of push-start time decreased,and the decrease of the push-start time of ordinary athletes is more significant in terms of the improvement of race outcome;(c)Most of the tracks are push-start dominant track or track with a moderate push-start component.Conclusions:Reducing the push-start time is the key to improving racing outcomes.Except for Whistler and Lake Placid,which have more difficult tracks,all the other tracks are of easy or medium difficulty.The combination of pilot and brakeman(pushman)should be flexibly configured according to the characteristics of the athletes,the specific events and the difficulty of the tracks,and the training should be carried out in a targeted manner,so as to lay the foundation for excellent performance.

关 键 词：车橇赛道 启动时间 赛道滑行 赛道难度 雪车 

分 类 号：G863.2[文化科学—体育训练]