运动与肌肉——大脑间的交流  

Exercise and Muscle——Brain Communication

作　　者：徐琳 马继政 Xu Lin;Ma Jizheng(Jiangsu Higher Vocational School for Judicial Police Officers,Zhenjiang 212000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省司法警官高等职业学校,江苏镇江212000 [2]中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事运动科学研究中心,江苏南京211101

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第5期254-258,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(项目编号:Bk20211228)。

摘　　要：运动对大脑健康有许多有益的影响,例如有助于降低痴呆、抑郁和压力的风险,它在维持和恢复认知功能、代谢控制等方面有积极作用。运动被大脑感知的事实表明,肌肉诱发的周边因素使肌肉和大脑功能之间存在直接的相互影响。机体在运动后骨骼肌能够分泌肌肉因子,这些肌肉因子可以直接或通过改变脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)蛋白水平来影响海马功能。越来越多的证据表明,肌肉因子组织蛋白酶B(Cathepsin B,CTSB)可以通过血脑屏障,增强BDNF的产生,从而促进神经发生、记忆和学习。同时,运动也增加了纤维连接蛋白III型结构域蛋白5(Fibronectin typeⅢdomain protein 5,FNDC5)的神经元基因表达,同样有助于增加大脑中BDNF的水平。运动还增加了依赖过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ辅助调节因子-1α(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactlvator-1α,PGC-1α)的犬尿氨酸转氨酶的肌肉表达,从而诱导神经毒性犬尿氨酸和神经保护犬尿氨酸之间的平衡发生有益的转变,从而减轻类似抑郁的症状。本文回顾了一些肌肉因子对脑功能影响的诸多证据,肌肉因子的存在增强了对肌肉与大脑之间有效沟通的理解,从而更好地了解运动锻炼在整个机体水平上发挥有益作用。Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health,such as helping to reduce the risk of dementia,depression and stress,and it has a positive role in maintaining and restoring cognitive function,metabolic control,etc.The fact that movement is perceived by the brain suggests that muscle-induced peripheral factors lead to a direct interaction between muscle and brain function.After exercise,skeletal muscle can secrete muscle factors,which can directly or through changing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)protein to affect hippocampal function.There is growing evidence that the muscle factor cathepsin B(CTSB)can cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance the production of BDNF,thereby promoting neurogenesis,memory,and learning.Exercise also increased neuronal gene expression of Fibronectin Type III Domain protein 5(FNDC5),which also helped increase BDNF levels in the brain.Exercise also increased muscle expression of canine urine-aminotransferase dependent on Peroxisome proliferator-Activated receptor-1α(PCC-1α),inducing a beneficial shift in the balance between neurotoxic canuridine and neuroprotective canuridine,thereby reducing depression-like symptoms.This paper reviews the extensive evidence on the effects of muscle factors on brain function,which increases our understanding of the effective communication between muscles and the brain,thereby improving our understanding of the beneficial effects of exercise on the overall body.

关 键 词：脑源性神经营养因子 纤维连接蛋白III型结构域蛋白5 组织蛋白酶B 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]