基于SWAT模型的洞庭湖平原水资源量计算  

Calculation of Water Resources in Dongting Lake Plain Based on SWAT Model

作　　者：胡倩 王军霞[2] 刘世强 吴嘉铃 唐仲华 成建梅 HU Qian;WANG Junxia;LIU Shiqiang;WU Jialing;TANG Zhonghua;CHENG Jianmei(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;School of Mathematics and Physics,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074;Shangdong Zhengyuan Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)数学与物理学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]山东正元建设工程有限责任公司,山东临沂276006

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第3期244-252,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U1911205);中国地质调查局项目(1212011120084)。

摘　　要：为计算洞庭湖平原水资源并分析未来气候变化对研究区水资源量的影响,基于2010—2013年洞庭湖平原实测水文气象数据以及DEM、土地利用、土壤类型等数据,利用ArcSWAT构建了洞庭湖平原分布式水文模型进行径流模拟,对土壤水、河道径流和地下水分别进行了水均衡分析,并通过设置5种不同的未来气候变化情景,研究了气候变化对水资源量的影响。结果表明:①洞庭湖平原年均降雨量为254.27×10^(8) m^(3),实际蒸散发量占总补给量的59.96%,土壤对地下水的补给量占总补给量的30.93%,地表径流量和侧向流量占总补给量的20.37%,因此大气降雨的主要排泄方式是蒸散发,在降雨量变化幅度较大时研究区内土壤对地下水的补给比地表径流受降雨的影响更大,土壤水呈负均衡;②均衡期内地表水年均资源量为120.84×10^(8) m^(3),基流量对河道径流的补给量(57.13%)大于地表径流对河道径流的补给量(41.12%);该流域地下水补给的主要来源是土壤对地下水的补给,模拟期内年均地下水资源量为78.64×10^(8) m^(3),地下水呈正均衡;③地表径流量、河道径流总量、基流量与气温呈负相关关系,与降雨量呈正相关关系,不同气候变化情景下,降雨量、地表水资源量和地下水资源量的变化明显,当降雨量减少10%(年均降雨量减少118.62mm)、温度升高1℃时,年均地表水资源量减少19.18×10^(8) m^(3),地下水资源量减少2.7×10^(8) m^(3),而当降雨量增加10%(年均降雨量增加118.62mm)、温度下降1℃时,年均地表水资源量增加23.77×10^(8) m^(3),地下水资源量增加4.2×10^(8) m^(3)。In order to calculate the water resources of Dongting Lake Plain and analyze the influence of future climate change on the water resources in the study area,based on the measured hydrometeorological data of Dongting Lake Plain from 2010to 2013,as well as the data of DEM,land use,and soil type,this paper uses ArcSWAT to construct a distributed hydrological model of Dongting Lake Plain for runoff simulation,and analyzes the water balance of soil water,river runoff and groundwater.The results are as follows:①The average annual rainfall in Dongting Lake Plain is 254.27×10^(8) m^(3),the actual evapotranspiration accounts for 59.96%of the total recharge,the soil groundwater recharge accounts for 30.93%of the total recharge,and the surface runoff and lateral discharge account for 20.37%of the total recharge.Therefore,the main discharge method of atmospheric precipitation is evapotranspiration.Rainfall in the study area has a greater impact on soil groundwater recharge than surface runoff does,and soil water presents a negative equilibrium.During the equilibrium period,the average annual surface water resources are 120.84×10^(8) m^(3),and the recharge of base flow to river runoff(57.13%)is greater than that of surface runoff(41.12%).②The main source of groundwater replenishment in this basin is the replenishment of groundwater by soil.The average annual amount of groundwater resources during the simulation period is 78.64×10^(8) m^(3),and the groundwater is in a positive equilibrium.③Moreover,the paper studies the impact of climate change on water resources by setting 5different scenarios of future climate change.The results show that the surface runoff,total river runoff and base runoff are negatively correlated with temperature,and positively correlated with rainfall.Under different climate change situation,the amount of surface water resources and groundwater resources changes obviously.When precipitation decreases by 10%(The average annual rainfall decreases by 118.62mm)and temperature increases by 1℃,annu

关 键 词：SWAT模型 径流模拟 分布式水文模型 水资源量 气候变化 洞庭湖平原 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]