江门市砂质海岸外来入侵植物分析  

Analysis of alien invasive plant on sandy coasts in Jiangmen City(Guangdong,China)

作　　者：魏雷 陈鸿生[1] 陈朋[2] 王永生[1] 杨蕾蕾[2] WEI Lei;CHEN Hongsheng;CHEN Peng;WANG Yongsheng;YANG Leilei(Shanwei Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanwei,Guangdong 516600,China;Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity,Fairylake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen&Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518004,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局汕尾海洋环境监测中心站,广东汕尾516600 [2]深圳市中国科学院仙湖植物园深圳市南亚热带植物多样性重点实验室,广东深圳518004

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2022年第2期135-140,共6页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设项目(2021B1212050025);国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金(1534);深圳市城管科研项目(202007)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握江门市砂质海岸外来植物入侵现状,为江门市砂质海岸外来入侵植物早期预警、防控和生态系统的保护修复提供基础数据。【方法】采用实地调查、植物群落样方调查和查阅资料相结合的方法对江门市砂质海岸外来入侵植物的种类组成、原产地、区系及功能性状等进行统计和分析。【结果】江门市砂质海岸外来入侵植物共有22种,隶属12科22属,种类最多的是菊科(6种)、禾本科(3种)和豆科(3种),分别占总种数的27.27%、13.64%和13.64%;出现频度最高是鬼针草(90.91%)。危害等级以恶性入侵(Ⅰ级)和严重入侵种(Ⅱ级)占比最高,合计占总种数的68.18%。科和属的区系分布类型均以泛热带、热带亚洲及热带美洲类型占主导地位,原产地以美洲地区的频次最多,占总种数的83.33%。生长型以草本植物为主,占总种数的68.18%;生活型以地面芽和一年生植物种数最多,合计占总种数的54.54%;果实类型以瘦果居多,占总种数的31.82%。【结论】江门市砂质海岸外来植物入侵形势严峻,对其生态系统造成极大的威胁。建议加强江门市砂质海岸外来入侵植物科学防治,因地制宜开展受损生境改造,推广乡土植物应用,建立海岸防护林。【Aim】 To investigate the status of alien invasive plants and provide basic data for early warning, prevention, control, and ecosystem protection on the sandy coasts of Jiangmen City. 【Method】 Field investigations and plant community quadrat investigations were conducted to analyze the species composition, origin, flora, and functional traits of alien invasive plants on the sandy coasts of Jiangmen City. 【Result】 A total of 22 invasive alien species were identified, belonging to 22 genera and 12 families, with Bidens pilosa being the most frequently occurring species(90.91%). Asteraceae(six species), Poaceae(three species), and Fabaceae(three species) were the most abundant families, accounting for 27.27%, 13.64%, and 13.64% of the total number of species, respectively. According to threat grade(TD) assessment, 68.18%(highest) of the total number of species fell under most threatening invasive(grade Ⅰ) or serious invasion species(grade Ⅱ) grades. Most of the invasive alien plants showed pantropic, tropical Asia and tropical America distribution. The highest(83.33%) number of species originated from America. The growth type was dominated by herbaceous plants(68.18%), and the growth form was dominated by hemicryptophytes and therophytes(54.54%). Achene was the most common fruit type(31.82%). 【Conclusion】 The situation of alien plant invasion on the sandy coasts of Jiangmen City is serious and may pose a great threat to the local ecosystem. Therefore, improving prevention and control measures against invasive alien plants, restoring damaged habitats according to local conditions, promoting the application of indigenous plants, and establishing coastal protection forests are required.

关 键 词：砂质海岸 外来入侵植物 危害等级 植物功能性状 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]