两种无害化疏花剂在‘瑞雪’苹果上的应用研究  

Application of Two Harmless Flower-thinning Agents on‘Ruixue’Apple

作　　者：韩明明 孙鲁龙 王娇娇 何肖肖 郭雄雄 王丽 梁俊[1,2] HAN Mingming;SUN Lulong;WANG Jiaojiao;HE Xiaoxiao;GUO Xiongxiong;WANG Li;LIANG Jun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省苹果工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2022年第3期11-16,共6页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000201);陕西省重大科技专项(2020zdzx03-06-02-02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2452020033)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究无害化疏花剂对‘瑞雪’的疏花效果及适宜的使用方法,为无害化疏花剂的应用提供参考。【方法】试验于2021年在渭南市白水县西北农林科技大学苹果试验站进行,试验材料为9 a生的‘瑞阳’,M26矮化自根砧栽培。所选试验树树势相当,管理措施一致,自然授粉,行间生草,株行距为1.5 m×4 m。选用甲酸钙(CFA,10 g/L)和支链仲醇聚氧乙烯醚(TMN-6,0.5 mg/L)两种无公害药剂作为疏花剂,设置两种喷施时期组合(Ⅰ:中心花开75%、全树花开60%Ⅱ:中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%),研究不同疏花剂的不同喷施时期对苹果新品种‘瑞雪’的疏花效果。【结果】CFA和TMN-6在时期Ⅱ分别喷施1次花朵坐果率分别为40.96%、48.22%,花序坐果率分别为60.87%、68.22%,单双果率分别为48.79%、39.67%,显著优于其他处理和人工对照;疏花成本较人工疏花分别节约了63%、66%,节本增效效果显著。【结论】综上,对于‘瑞雪’苹果而言,CFA和TMN-6于中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%各喷施1次的疏花效果较好。【Objective】To explore the flower thinning effect of harmless flower thinning agent on‘Ruixue’and the suitable use method,and provide reference for the application of harmless flower thinning agent.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in 2021 at the Apple Experiment Station of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Baishui County,Weinan City.The test material was 9-year-old‘Ruiyang’,cultivated on M26 dwarf self-root rootstock.The selected test trees were comparable potential and their management practices were consistent.They were all naturally pollinated,with grass between rows and spacing of 1.5 m×4 m.10 g/L CFA and 0.5 mg/L TMN-6 were selected as two pollution-free agents for flower thinning.Two combinations of spraying periods were set(I:75%central flowering and 60%whole-tree flowering;II:75%central flowering,40%whole-tree flowering and 60%whole-tree flowering).Study on flower thinning effect of different flower thinning agents on new apple cultivar‘Ruixue’.【Results】The fruit setting rates of flowers sprayed once by CFA and TMN-6 were 40.96%and 48.22%,respectively.The fruit setting rates of inflorescence were 60.87%and 68.22%,respectively.The single and double fruit rates were 48.79%and 39.67%,respectively,which were significantly better than other treatments and artificial control.The cost of thinning flowers was reduced by 63%and 66%compared with artificial thinning flowers,respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion,for‘Ruixue’apple,spraying CFA and TMN-6 once at the center of flowering 75%,whole tree flowering 40%,whole tree flowering 60%had better thinning effect.

关 键 词：苹果 瑞雪 无害化疏花剂 化学疏花 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]