辣椒枯萎病生防木霉菌T21的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究  

Isolation,Identification,Control Effect and Biological Characteristics of Trichoderma Biocontrol of Pepper Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：梁松 魏甜甜 张静蕾 赵诗杰 姚艳平[1] LIANG Song;WEI Tiantian;ZHANG Jinglei;ZHAO Shijie;YAO Yanping(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801 China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第5期59-66,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211001-1);山西省基地项目(2016JD23)。

摘　　要：为获得辣椒枯萎病高效生防木霉菌,从健康辣椒根际土壤中分离筛选生防木霉菌,经形态学与分子生物学方法进行菌株鉴定,采用单因素试验对其生物学特性进行研究。筛选出一株高效生防木霉菌T21,经鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉,其平板对峙抑菌率为70.51%,其无菌发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率和病原菌孢子萌发抑制率分别为82.56%,100%,对辣椒枯萎病防治效果为66.58%。生物学特性研究表明,菌株T21菌丝最适生长条件是培养温度为30℃,全光照,pH为4,培养基为PDA培养基,葡萄糖、木糖、果糖或蔗糖作为碳源,牛肉膏作为氮源,金属离子为Mg^(2+)和Mn^(2+);菌株T21最适产孢条件是培养温度为25℃,全光照,pH为5或6,培养基为GPY培养基,木糖作为碳源,牛肉膏作为氮源,金属离子为Cu^(2+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)。本研究为进一步生物防治辣椒枯萎病提供了理论基础。In order to acquire Trichodermas trains with preferable inhibitory effect on pepper wilt.The biocontrol Trichoderma was isolated and screened from healthy pepper rhizosphere soil,and the strain was identified by morphological and molecular biology methods,and its biological characteristics were studied by single factor test.A high-efficiency biocontrol Trichoderma T21 was screened out,strain was identified as Trichoderma harzianum,its plate bacteriostasis rate was 70.51%,and its sterile fermentation broth was 82.56%for the the growth inhibition rate of pathogenic bacteria mycelium and 100%for the inhibition rate of pathogenic bacteria spore germination,and its control effect on pepper Fusarium wilt was 66.58%.The study of biological characteristics showed that the most suitable growth conditions for the strain's mycelial were culture temperature of 30℃,continuous 24 hours of light,and pH of 4.At the same time,PDA or GPY was used as the culture medium,in which glucose,xylose,fructose or sucrose were used as carbon source,beef extract was used as nitrogen source,and the metal ion was Mg^(2+) or Mn^(2+).The most suitable sporulation conditions for this strain were culture temperature of 25℃,continuous 24 hours of light,and pH of 5 or 6.At the same time,GPY was used as the culture medium,in which xylose was used as a carbon source,beef extract was used as a nitrogen source,and the metal ions were Cu^(2+)、Ca^(2+)or Mg^(2+).The results of this study provided a basis for further biological control of pepper Fusarium wilt.

关 键 词：辣椒枯萎病 生物防治 哈茨木霉 防治效果 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.418.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]