贵州小麦春化和光周期基因分布及其对抽穗期和开花期的效应分析  

Distribution of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes and the Effects on Heading and Flowering of Wheat in Guizhou

作　　者：陈宇轩 任明见[1,2] 李鲁华 徐如宏[1,2] CHEN Yuxuan;REN Mingjian;LI Luhua;XU Ruhong(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]国家小麦改良中心贵州分中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期379-389,共11页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(2021272);贵州省农业成果转化计划项目(20194246);黔科合平台人才项目(20175788);贵州省科技计划项目(20201Z018);黔科合基础项目(20191073)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解春化和光周期基因在小麦中的组成和分布,探讨贵州小麦春化和光周期基因对抽穗期和开花期的效应,为贵州小麦生态适应性品种选育和利用提供参考。【方法】以272份小麦品种(系)为材料,分别利用春化基因VRN-A1、VRN-B1、VRN-B3和VRN-D1以及光周期基因Ppd-A1、Ppd-B1和Ppd-D1的分子标记引物进行PCR扩增,鉴定分析这些基因的等位变异类型及分布频率,并对小麦抽穗期和开花期进行田间观察鉴定。【结果】春化显性基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1在贵州省内和部分省外小麦供试材料中的分布频率为0.7%~85.2%,未检测到春化显性基因Vrn-B3分布。所有供试品种均携带Ppd-A1b和Ppd-B1b光周期敏感型等位基因;在光周期基因Ppd-D1位点,仅3份省外材料携带光敏感型基因Ppd-D1b,其余品种均携带光不敏感型基因Ppd-D1a。相关性分析表明:Ppd-D1b与小麦抽穗期和开花期呈极显著正相关,Vrn-B1与小麦抽穗期呈极显著负相关,而Vrn-D1和Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1组合类型均与小麦抽穗期和开花期呈极显著负相关。【结论】贵州小麦中春化和光周期基因类型和组合相较省外品种少,种质资源有待进一步丰富。春化和光周期基因影响小麦的抽穗期和开花期,合适的基因组成类型能提高小麦品种在不同环境的适应性。[Purpose]To understand the composition and distribution of vernalization and photoperiod genes in wheat,and to explore the effect relationship between vernalization and photoperiod genes on heading date and flowering date of Guizhou wheat,so as to provide reference for breeding and utilization of ecologically adaptable wheat varieties in Guizhou.[Methods]A total of 272 wheat varieties(lines)were used as materials.The vernalization genes VRN-A1,VRN-B1,VRN-B3 and VRN-D1,photoperiod genes Ppd-A1,Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 were amplified by PCR,and the allelic variation types and distribution frequencies of these genes were identified and analyzed;and the field observation and identification of wheat heading date and flowering date were carried out.[Results]The distribution frequencies of Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 were between 0.7%and 85.2%,but Vrn-B3 was not detected.All tested cultivars carried Ppd-A1b and Ppd-B1b photoperiod-sensitive alleles.At the photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 locus,only three cultivars from outside the province carried the photoperiod-sensitive gene Ppd-D1b,while other cultivars carried the photoperiod-insens-itive gene Ppd-D1a.Correlation analysis showed that Ppd-D1b was significantly positively correlated with heading stage and flowering stage,Vrn-B1 was significantly negatively correlated with heading stage,while Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1 combinations were significantly negatively correlated with heading stage and flowering stage.[Conclusion]There are fewer types and combinations of vernal-ization and photoperiod genes in Guizhou wheat than those from other provinces,and the germplasm resources need to be further enriched.Vernalization and photoperiod genes affect the heading date and flowering date of wheat.Appropriate gene composition types can improve the adaptability of wheat varieties in different environments.

关 键 词：小麦 春化基因 光周期基因 开花期 抽穗期 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]