不同覆盖物和行距对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching and Row Spacing on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：邢强 蒋春和 宋世武 希从芳[1] 李建宾[1] XING Qiang;JIANG Chunhe;SONG Shiwu;XI Congfang;LI Jianbin(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Academic Affairs Office,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学教务处,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期406-412,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省重点研发项目(2018BB015)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同覆盖栽培和行距配置种植方式对玉米主要农艺性状和产量的影响,为云南省夏玉米降本增效和持续高产稳产推广提供依据。【方法】以地膜和秸秆覆盖栽培与等行距和宽窄行配置开展大田试验,在玉米生长发育关键时期测定其农艺性状与产量构成因素等指标。【结果】地膜覆盖栽培可极显著提高土壤温度和含水量(P<0.01),且地膜覆盖栽培下玉米茎粗、叶面积指数、果穗穗粒质量、百粒质量和产量均显著或极显著高于露地栽培(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在覆盖栽培下分别采用宽窄行与等行距种植,土壤温度和湿度以及玉米茎粗、叶面积指数、果穗穗粒质量和产量间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】覆盖栽培可提高土壤含水量、茎粗、叶面积指数、穗粒质量和百粒质量等指标,从而提高玉米产量。其中,地膜覆盖栽培对改善土壤温湿度、促进玉米生长发育和提高玉米产量的作用优于秸秆覆盖。[Purpose]To study the effects of different mulching and row spacing on main agronomic traits and yield of maize,providing a theoretical basis for reducing cost but increasing efficiency and stable promoting high yield of summer maize in Yunnan Province.[Method]The field experiment was carried out by plastic film mulching and straw mulching with equal row cultivation and wide and narrow row cultivation combinations,and the agronomic traits and yield components of maize were measured in key period of growth and development.[Results]Film mulching cultivation improved soil temperature and water content extremely significantly(P<0.01).The stem diameter,leaf area index,ear grain weight,100-grain weight and yield of maize under film mulching were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those under non-mulching cultivation(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The soil temperature and water content,the stem diameter,leaf area index,ear grain weight and yield of maize were no significant differences between equal row cultivation and wide and nar-row row cultivation combinations under mulching cultivation.[Conclusion]The soil temperature,water content,stem diameter,leaf area index,ear grain weight,100-grain weight of maize can im-prove under mulching cultivation,resulting yield increase.Among them,the soil temperature and wa-ter,growth,development and yield of maize under plastic film are better than under straw mulching.

关 键 词：夏玉米 农艺性状 产量 覆盖栽培 行距 

分 类 号：S513.044[农业科学—作物学]