南宋乡村社会“富民”阶层实态与社会关系研究  

A Study of the“Rich People”Class in Rural Society and Their So⁃cial Relations in the South Song Dynasty

作　　者：李佳韩 LI Jiahan

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《思想战线》2022年第3期117-126,共10页Thinking

基　　金：云南大学哲学社会科学创新团队“中国经济史创新团队”建设成果。

摘　　要：南宋时期,内忧外患伴随政权始终,使得南宋政权不得不日益将地方财务聚集中央,导致地方官府行政治理能力严重不足,百姓赋税重于前代。唐宋以来崛起的财富力量“富民”阶层,历经北宋,到南宋时期,不断发展壮大,成为乡村社会强弱关系、贫富关系、官民关系等重要社会关系的主导力量,使南宋地方社会经济文化呈现出新的发展态势。“富民”阶层在强弱关系、贫富关系、官民关系中不断加深着与国家、与小农之间的相互依存关系,既推动了乡村经济的繁荣发展,更保障了乡村社会的协调稳定,为维持国家政权稳定和社会安定奠定了基础。同时,“富民”阶层逐渐成为地方社会的经济文化引领者,而且促成了吏强官弱的地方政治治理模式,成为乡村社会治理与教化的主要力量,使南宋社会呈现出政治力与社会力共治的形态,形成明清以来中国基层社会治理形态的雏形。The South Song Dynasty was one troubled by domestic turmoils and foreign invasions all the way through,which forced the central government to gather all the financial resources in the central treasury,leading to poor governance capabilities of the local governments and unprecedentedly high taxes on the people.However,the“rich people”class that had emerged since the Tang Dynasty continued to develop itself to become a leading force in the rural society that determined the social rela⁃tions between the strong and the weak,the rich and poor,and the common people and the govern⁃ment,thus giving rise to a new economic and cultural order to the South Song society.The existence of this plutocratic class helped to deepen the interdependence between the state and the petty peasants and promote the prosperity of rural economy,thus laying a solid foundation for the political and social stability of the dynasty by ensuring the stability of the rural society.At the same time,this plutocratic class gradually became the core of leadership in economic and cultural activities in the rural society,giving rise to the situation of strong low-ranking officialdom but weak government in local governance.In this way the“rich people”class made itself a major player in governance of the rural society,so that in the South Song Dynasty,social governance was achieved through a combination of political power and social forces.This mode of governance served as a prototype for grassroots social governance in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：南宋 乡村社会 “富民”阶层 社会关系 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]