大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus)游泳能力研究  

Swimming Ability of Schizopygopsis malacanthus from Dadu River

作　　者：李阳希 朱正强 侯轶群 王永猛 柯森繁 石尚上 石小涛[1] 张东亚 LI Yang-xi;ZHU Zheng-qiang;HOU Yi-qun;WANG Yong-meng;KE Sen-fan;SHI Shang-shang;SHI Xiao-tao;ZHANG Dong-ya(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;Hubei Zhongshui Changjiang Ecological Protection Research Institute Co.LTD,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;Beijing Survey,Planning,Design and Research Institute of China Power Construction Group,Beijing 100024,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]水利部中国科学研究院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [3]湖北中水长江生态保护研究院有限公司,湖北武汉430079 [4]中国电建集团北京勘测规划设计研究院,北京100024

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2022年第3期121-127,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201703)。

摘　　要：探究大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼的游泳能力,为大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼的人工繁殖、保护以及大渡河过鱼设施建设提供参考和基础数据支持。采用递增流速法,用自制Brett-type水槽对大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼的感应流速、临界游泳速度、突进游泳速度进行测试。结果表明,在水温范围为11.9~14.1℃条件下,体长为15.0~21.5 cm,体重为34.8~152.9 g的大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼的绝对感应流速为0.084~0.095 m/s,相对感应流速为0.321~0.588 BL/s,相对感应游泳速度随体长增大而减小;绝对临界游泳速度(U_(crit))为0.61~1.31 m/s,相对临界游泳速度为4.16~5.08 BL/s,两者均随体长增大而增大;绝对突进游泳速度(U_(burst))为1.02~1.40 m/s,与体长关系并不显著(P>0.05),相对突进游泳速度为5.73~8.36 BL/s,随体长增加而减小。视频回放发现,实验鱼突进游泳速度测试过程分为3个阶段:第1阶段游速为0~0.4 m/s,占突进速度0~29%;第2阶段游速为0.40~0.84 m/s,占突进速度29%~60%;第3阶段游速为0.84~1.40 m/s,占突进速度60%~100%。各阶段的静止不动、平稳摆动、突进-滑行3种游泳状态所占比例有显著不同。Schizopygopsis malacanthus is endemic to the upper Yangtze River,distributed primarily in the upper reaches of Dadu River,and populations have been declining due to hydropower development.In this study,S.malacanthus was selected for study,and its swimming behavior and ability in Dadu River were tested by measuring the induction velocity,critical swimming speed and burst swimming speed.The test fish were collected from Dadu River in August 2020,with a body length range of 15.0-21.5 cm and body weight range of 34.8-152.9 g.The test was conducted by the stepped velocity method in a custommade Brett-type flume under the following conditions:aerated tap water;temperature,11.9℃-14.1℃;DO>6.0 mg/L.The absolute induction velocity of S.malacanthus was in the range of 0.084-0.095 m/s.The relative induction velocity was in the range of 0.321-0.588 BL/s and was negatively correlated with body length,described as V_(f)=-0.0354BL+1.1465(R2=0.8088,P<0.001).The absolute critical swimming speed(U_(crit))was 0.61-1.31 m/s,the relative critical swimming speed(U′crit)was 4.16-5.08 BL/s and both displayed a positive correlation with body length,described as U_(crit)=0.0768BL-0.4603(R2=0.8749,P<0.001)and U′crit=0.0389BL+0.3545(R2=0.7283,P<0.001).The absolute burst swimming speed(U_(burst))was 1.02-1.4 m/s,and not significantly correlated with body length(P>0.05).The relative burst swimming speed was 5.73-8.36 BL/s and negatively correlated with body length,described as U′burst=-0.1606BL+7.9629(R^(2)=0.353,P<0.05).Analysis of the video record shows that S.malacanthus swimming includes three gaits:static immobility,undulation,and burst-coast.The swimming speed of S.malacanthus in the three gaits were in the ranges of 0-0.4m/s,0.40-0.84 m/s and 0.84-1.4m/s,reaching 0-29%,29%-60%and 60%-100%of the burst swimming speed,and there were significant differences in the proportions spent swimming in each of the three gaits.This study provides a reference and basic data for the design and construction of fish passages in Dadu River when

关 键 词：大渡河软刺裸裂尻鱼 感应流速 临界游泳速度 突进游泳速度 游泳特性 

分 类 号：Q175[生物学—水生生物学]