东北三省种植业氮流失风险评价  

Risk Assessment on Nitrogen Loss from Crop Farming in the Three Northeastern Provinces of China

作　　者：黄洁钰 南哲[1] 商学棽 王晓燕[1] 杜伊[1] HUANG Jie-yu;NAN Zhe;SHANG Xue-shen;WANG Xiao-yan;DU Yi(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第5期660-669,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800902)。

摘　　要：东北地区是我国重要的粮食生产基地,垦殖率为38.58%,水田和旱地面积比例约为1∶4.75。近年来,单位面积化肥投入不断增加,农业活动带来的非点源污染威胁越来越严重。以东北3省为研究区,考虑降水年型差异和不同农田水媒氮流失途径,构建符合区域特点的氮流失风险评价体系,分析该地区氮流失风险及主要影响因子,重点探究作物类型和降水年型对氮流失的影响。结果显示,极高、高风险区主要集中在吉林省中部、辽宁省中南部和黑龙江省中东部。超过80%的水田属于极高、高风险区,远超旱地相应比例(35%),水田区域具有更高的流失风险。在中风险区以上级别区域内旱地面积占比最大,其氮流失风险占主导地位;尤其是玉米,其种植面积占比最大。不同降水年型东北3省氮流失风险县级分布有显著差异,丰水年对氮流失风险的影响较平水年和枯水年明显。通过氮流失风险及因子分布聚类将东北3省地级市分为4类,其中,需要优先管控的地级市为长春、盘锦、辽源、沈阳、四平和锦州。确定了东北3省氮流失风险的关键区域及其主要特征,以期为东北3省农田管理和非点源污染防治提供参考。Northeast China is an important national grain production base with a cultivation rate of 38.58%,and the ratio of paddy fields to dry land is about 1∶4.75.In recent years,the amount of chemical fertilizer input per unit area has kept rising,and the threat of non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities has become more and more serious.In this study,a nitrogen loss risk assessment system was constructed for the three northeastern provinces by considering the difference in annual rainfall pattern and various ways of nitrogen loss from farmland to water.The distribution characteristics of nitrogen loss risk in this region and the main influencing factors are analyzed,and the influence of crop type and precipitation type on the distribution of nitrogen loss are discussed.The results show that the areas of“extremely high risk”and“high risk”concentrate in central Jilin Province,central and southern Liaoning Province,and central and eastern Heilongjiang Province.More than 80%of paddy fields are extremely high or high risk areas,whereas 35%of dry land are at high risk.It shows that paddy fields have a higher risk potential for nitrogen loss.Dry land accounts for the largest proportion among the medium and higher risk areas,and contribute dominant nitrogen loss risk,especially for corn as it accounts for the largest planting area.There are significant differences in the distribution of nitrogen loss risk at county level under different precipitation types.Compared with normal and dry years,wet years have more obvious impact on the distribution of nitrogen loss risk.The cities in the study area were divided into 4 groups.Among them,the group that need priority control includes Changchun,Panjin,Liaoyuan,Shenyang,Siping and Jinzhou.This study identifies the key areas and their characteristics of nitrogen loss in northeast China,and provides reference for agriculture management and non-point source pollution prevention.

关 键 词：氮流失 风险评估 影响因子 不同降水年型 中国东北 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]