康雍时期广州对外贸易政策探析——以《清宫珍藏对外贸易档案汇编》为中心  

An Analysis of the Foreign Trade Policy in Guangzhou during Kangxi and Yongzheng Periods——Taking the Collection of Foreign Trade Archives in the Palace of the Qing Dynasty as an Example

作　　者：贾瑞 Jia Rui(Department of Economics and Management,Yuncheng University,Yuncheng 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]运城学院经济管理系,山西运城044000

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2022年第3期53-59,共7页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：山西省高校哲学社科研究项目“清代中期恰克图贸易研究”(项目编号:2020W160);运城学院博士科研启动项目“1689-1758年广州外贸政策研究”(项目编号:QZX-202009)。

摘　　要：目前学术界对于清代广州对外贸易的研究主要集中在乾隆十五年以后,对此之前的研究较少。文章主要根据《清宫珍藏对外贸易档案汇编》以及其他相关史料,具体分析康熙二十三年至雍正年间清政府在广州地区的对外贸易政策。具体来说,在对广州渔民的管理上,政府对于渔民出海捕鱼活动进行严格限制;在对洋商的管理上,政府要求西洋商人居住在澳门及广州城内的天主教堂内,严格限制来华贸易船只的数量,要求贸易活动必须由行商与其开展;在对行商的管理上,广州很早便建立了行商制度,要求行商作为中介开展与外商、广州本地商人的交易。可以说,这一时期广州的外贸政策促进了广州外贸活动的发展,为广州被选为“一口通商”之地打下了坚实的基础。At present,the academic research on the foreign trade of Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty mainly concentrated after the 1750 and there was little research before that.Based on the collection of Foreign Trade Archives in the palace of the Qing Dynasty and other relevant historical materials,this paper analyzes the foreign trade policy of Guangzhou during the period of 1684 to 1735.In the management of the fishermen in Guangzhou,the government strictly limited the fishermen’s fishing activities at sea.The government required Western businessmen to live in Macao and Catholic churches Guangzhou,strictly limited the number of trading vessels coming to China,and required that trading activities must be carried out with hong merchants.Guangzhou set up the trade system early,requiring the hong merchants as an intermediary to carry out transactions with foreign merchants and local merchants in Guangzhou.It can be said that Guangzhou’s foreign trade policy during this period promoted the development of Guangzhou’s foreign trade activities,and laid a solid foundation for Guangzhou to be chosen as a place of"one-port trade".

关 键 词：贸易政策 行商 康雍时期 对外贸易 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]