甘薯发根分枝期适宜土壤水分促进块根糖供应和块根形成的研究  

Suitable soil moisture promotes sugar supply and tuberization in sweet potato at root branching stage

作　　者：解黎明 姜仲禹 柳洪鹃[1] 韩俊杰[2] 刘本奎 王晓陆 史春余[1] XIE Li-Ming;JIANG Zhong-Yu;LIU Hong-Juan;HAN Jun-Jie;LIU Ben-Kui;WANG Xiao-Lu;SHI Chun-Yu(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第8期2080-2087,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省薯类产业创新团队首席专家项目(SDAIT-16-01);海南省国家重点实验室开放课题(HNZDSYS(YY)-08)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨土壤水分对甘薯块根形成的影响及其与块根数量和整齐度的关系。选用鲜食型甘薯品种烟薯25作为试验材料,在发根分枝期设置50%±5%(W50)、60%±5%(W60)、70%±5%(W70)、80%±5%(W80)、90%±5%(W90)5个土壤相对含水量水平,通过2年田间试验,研究了土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中碳水化合物含量及其代谢相关酶活性及收获期块根数量、整齐度和产量的影响。结果表明,甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖转化酶活性,栽植后10~35d,W70处理均显著高于其他处理。甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖合酶活性和淀粉含量,栽植后10~25d,W70处理显著低于其他处理;栽植后30~35 d,W70处理显著高于其他处理。W70处理的单株结薯数和块根产量分别较其他处理提高14%~120%和22%~122%、单薯重的变异系数较其他处理降低9%~34%。甘薯发根分枝期土壤相对含水量70%有利于促进块根形成,增加收获期单株结薯数、单薯重和块根产量,改善块根商品品质。The objective of this study is to explore the effect of soil moisture on the formation of storage roots in sweet potato and its relationship with the number and uniformity of storage roots.In this experiment,the sweet potato variety Yanshu 25 was used as the experimental material.We performed five soil relative water content levels with 50%±5%(W50),60%±5%(W60),70%±5%(W70),80%±5%(W80),and 90%±5%(W90)at root branching stage.The effects of soil moisture on the content of carbohydrate and the activity of metabolic enzymes in the potential storage roots,as well as the number,uniformity and yield of storage roots at the harvest time were studied by a two-year field experiment.The results showed that the content of sucrose,glucose,and fructose and the activity of sucrose invertase in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments during 10–35 days after planting.The activity of sucrose synthase and the content of starch in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments at 10–25 days after planting,while the trend was opposite during 30–35 days after planting.Compared with other treatments,the number of storage roots per plant and the yield of storage root in W70 treatment increased by 14%–120%and 22%–122%,respectively.The variable coefficient of the single storage root weight decreased by 9%–34%.The soil relative water content of 70%at root branching stage of sweet potato was beneficial to the formation of storage roots,which increased the number of storage roots per plant,weight of the single storage root and yield of storage roots,and improved the commercial quality of storage roots at harvest time.

关 键 词：甘薯 发根分枝期土壤水分 己糖供应 单株结薯数 块根整齐度 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]