烟蒜轮作对易感病烟田土壤真菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of tobacco garlic crop rotation on fungal community structure of susceptible tobacco soil

作　　者：陈玉蓝[1] 林正全 拓阳阳 丁亚茹[4] 李红丽[4] 王岩[4] CHEN Yu-lan;LIN Zheng-quan;TUO Yang-yang;DING Ya-ru;LI Hong-li;WANG Yan(Lishangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company,Xichang,Sichuan 615000,China;Ningnan Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Ningnan,Sichuan 615400,China;Dechang Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Dechang,Sichuan 615500,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,四川西昌615000 [2]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司宁南分公司,四川宁南615400 [3]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司德昌分公司,四川德昌615500 [4]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第4期972-980,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省烟草公司科技项目(LSYC201803)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究烟蒜轮作对烟田土壤真菌群落结构的影响,以期寻找改善土壤健康的农艺管理模式。【方法】利用高通量测序技术检测烟蒜轮作的易感病烟田和健康烟田中的土壤真菌,对比分析烟蒜轮作对烟田土壤真菌群落结构的影响。【结果】德昌县试验烟田土壤优势真菌门依次为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和norank_k__Fungi,相对丰度占总菌的90.80%~94.59%。烟草移栽前,种植大蒜的易感病烟田子囊菌门和担子菌门相对丰度显著高于健康烟田;与健康烟田相比,散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)相对丰度显著降低,子囊菌纲(Sordariomycetes)显著增加;粪壳菌目未知菌属(norank_o__Sordariales)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)相对丰度显著高于健康烟田,但健康烟田的镰刀菌属相对丰度显著低于易感病烟田种植烟草的土壤,unclassified_f__Trichocomaceae在健康烟田显著高于易感病烟田。移栽前和成熟期易感病烟田的担子菌门显著较高,与有机质和碱解氮呈极显著正相关。健康烟田在旺长期真菌多样性比移栽前显著降低,但稍高于易感病烟田;到成熟期又显著上升,高于易感病烟田,易感病烟田移栽前的真菌多样性最高。【结论】种植大蒜提高了易感病烟田土壤有益真菌的种类和多样性,且降低了病原菌的相对丰度,使发病率由50.15%降到8.57%。因此烟蒜轮作可改变易感病烟田土壤真菌群落结构,使其趋于健康烟田,从而降低烟田真菌型土传病害的发生。【Objective】 The paper aimed to explore the effect of tobacco-garlic rotation on soil fungal community structure in tobacco fields, in order to find an agronomic management model to improve soil health.【Method】 Using High throughput sequencing technology to detect soil fungi of tobacco garlic crop rotation in susceptible tobacco field and healthy tobacco field, the effects of tobacco garlic crop rotation on soil fungal community structure were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the predominant fungi at phylum were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and norank_k__Fungi, accounting for 90.80%-94.59% of the total fungi in the experimental tobacco field in Dechang county. Before the tobacco transplanted, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in susceptible tobacco field growing garlic was higher than that in healthy tobacco fields;Compared with healthy tobacco fields, the relative abundance of Eurotiomycetes was significantly decreased and Sordariomycetes was significantly increased in susceptible tobacco fields;norank_o__Sordariales and Fusarium in susceptible tobacco field growing garlic were significantly higher than those in healthy tobacco fields, but Fusarium was significantly lower than that in the susceptible tobacco field growing tobacco. The unclassified_f__Trichocomaceae was lower than that in healthy tobacco field. At the maturity stage and before transplantation, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was higher remarkably in susceptible tobacco field, which was significantly positive correlation with organic matter and alkaline nitrogen. The fungal diversity at vigorous growing stage in healthy tobacco field was significantly lower than that before transplanting, but was slightly higher than that in susceptible tobacco field at the same stage, and then enhanced significantly in maturity stage. The diversity of fungi in susceptible tobacco field before transplanting was the highest. 【Conclusion】The garlic planting improved the species and diversity of beneficial fungi in su

关 键 词：烟蒜轮作 易感病烟田 真菌群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]