宋代田宅典卖纠纷研究——以《名公书判清明集》为中心  

Study on the Dispute over Land and House Pawn in the Song Dynasty:Based on The Enlightened Judgments by Famous Judges

作　　者：陆红 陈利根[2] LU Hong;CHEN Li-gen(College of Humanities and Social Development,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第2期67-76,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“农村集体经营性建设用地入市的法律调整研究”(17YJA820018)。

摘　　要：在封建社会,典权标的物大都为农耕地。至宋初,田宅典卖制度正式纳入法律,《名公书判清明集》一书收录了大量的因出典土地和房屋而引起纠纷的案例,其中案例种类呈多样性,解决方式呈丰富性。至于典卖纠纷的原因,包括出典法律本身存在的缺陷,实体性法律规定方面过于笼统,程序性法律缺少灵活性,以及典卖后出现了财产性风险。总体来看,宋代法律对田地和房屋的典权主体进行了一定的限制和保护,田地和房屋出典纠纷的裁决依据的是律、敕、令等专门性规定,裁决包括归还田宅等民事责任,权刑等刑事责任,还包括超过时效不得受理等结果,这表明宋代在处理田宅典卖方面的法律制度已大体完善。需要指出的是,田宅典卖制度的出现不利于社会稳定,对当今农村土地制度改革具有警示意义。In the feudal society,most of the subjects of the pawns are farmland.Arable land and house pawning is legalized in the early Song Dynasty.It is characterized by the diversity of case types and the richness of dispute resolution methods in the well-known book The Enlightened Judgments by Famous Judges.The causes of disputes over land and house pawn comprise defects in legal rules,more general substantive legal provisions,lack of flexibility in procedural law and risks in property caused by registered-deed-based land and house pawn.The law in the Song Dynasty protects and restricts the subject of pawn and the judgement is based on specialized law,imperial order,command and so on.The results of judgements include civil liability as returning land and house,the criminal liability like stick punishment,and that judges would not accept a beyond-the-appeal-period case is also included.The procedural rules for dealing with disputes over land and house pawn are becoming orderly.The system of real estate pawn has disadvantages to social and economic development and also brings warning effects to the current rural land system reform.

关 键 词：田宅 宋朝 出典纠纷 《名公书判清明集》 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]