清末呼伦贝尔渔业开发与渔权博弈  

The Hulunbuir’Fishery Development and the Game of Fishery Rights in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：胡哲 HU Zhe(School of History and Culture,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第2期85-95,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：西北民族大学引进人才科研项目“清末‘筹蒙改制’下的内蒙古地区渔业开发”(xbmuyjrc2021006)。

摘　　要：19世纪末,清代北部的呼伦湖水系因沙俄哥萨克人屡屡越界捕鱼而产生侵渔事件,不仅损害了当地的游牧民族利益,与当地游牧经济产生矛盾,而且损害中国的渔权,更侵害了中国的主权。以黑龙江将军衙门为代表的国家力量及时有力地介入进来:成立官办渔业,创立渔业章程,征收渔税,建立渔权在我的规则。通过系列举措,清廷有效提升了“俾免利权外溢”的政治意义,契合了政府在边疆推行的“兴举渔业”等新政。At the end of the 19th century,the Russian Cossacks crossed the line and caught fish frequently,which result in the infringement of fishery right in the Hulun Lake system was located in the northern frontier of the Qing Dynasty.It was not only harmed the interests of the local nomadic peoples and con-tradicted the local nomadic economy,but also infringed on China's fishing rights and sovereignty.The state power represented by the Heilongjiang General intervened on time:the establishment of government-established fishery,the establishment of fishery regulations,the collection of fishing taxes,and the establishment of fishing rights.It was promoted the political significance of"prevent the spillover of the right of exemp-tion,"which was fit the policy of the New Reforms at the end of Qing Dynasty and"developed fishery"in the frontier.

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔 渔权 边务 官营渔业 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]