SiCp/Al复合材料低损伤制孔工艺的实验研究  

Experimental study on low damage hole making of SiCp/Al composites

作　　者：王梓超 刘畅 王锴 高磊 WANG Zi-chao;LIU Chang;WANG Kai;GAO Lei(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Aerospace Precision Machining Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学机械工程学院天津市现代机电装备技术重点实验室,天津300387 [2]航天精工股份有限公司,天津300300

出　　处：《复合材料科学与工程》2022年第4期68-72,97,共6页Composites Science and Engineering

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金项目(18JCQNJC75600)。

摘　　要：碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiCp/Al)复合材料是广泛应用于航空航天和精密仪器等领域的重要轻质金属基复合材料。但是SiC硬质颗粒的存在极易导致制孔过程中钻头的剧烈磨损,进而恶化加工表面质量。本文研究了干切削和湿切削条件下传统钻削和超声振动辅助钻削SiCp/Al复合材料的加工特性,包括孔出口毛刺损伤、孔壁表面粗糙度和刀具磨损,从而建立一套低损伤的制孔工艺。实验结果表明:超声振动辅助钻削可以有效降低切削过程中的钻削力,与传统钻削相比,平均切削力减小了8.32%;在工件底部加装垫板可以简单有效地降低出口毛刺高度;引入切削液和超声振动辅助加工都可以提高孔加工精度,与传统干切削相比,超声振动辅助加工下孔壁粗糙度降低了27.3%,引入切削液,孔壁表面粗糙度可以降低12.3%;SiCp/Al复合材料加工过程中,刀具磨损机理可以分为两体颗粒磨损、三体滚动磨损和黏着磨损,超声振动辅助加工可以有效降低刀具磨损,提高刀具寿命。本文的研究可以为SiCp/Al复合材料的低损伤制孔提供理论指导。SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix(SiCp/Al) composites are important lightweight metal matrix composites widely used in aerospace and precision instrument fields. However, the existence of SiC hard particles can easily lead to the severe wear of the bit in the process of drilling, and then deteriorate the surface quality of machining. In this paper, the machining characteristics of traditional and ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling of SiCp/Al composites under dry and wet cutting conditions, including burr damage at hole outlet, surface roughness of hole wall and tool wear, are studied, and a set of low damage drilling technology is established. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling can effectively reduce the drilling force in the cutting process. Compared with traditional drilling, the average cutting force is reduced by 8.32%. The outlet burr height can be reduced simply and effectively by installing the bottom plate of the workpiece. Both the introduction of cutting fluid and ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can improve the accuracy of hole machining. Compared with traditional dry cutting, the hole wall roughness under ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling is reduced by 27.3%, and the hole wall surface roughness can be reduced by 12.3% with the introduction of cutting fluid. For the drilling of the SiCp/Al composites, the tool wear mechanism can be divided into two-body particle wear, three-body rolling wear and adhesive wear. Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can effectively reduce the tool wear and improve the tool life. The research in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for low damage hole making of SiCp/Al composites.

关 键 词：SICP/AL复合材料 超声辅助钻削 表面粗糙度 刀具磨损 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]