2004—2020年贵州省铜仁市流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of mumps in Tongren city, 2004—2020

作　　者：丁旭 任达飞 高前荣 龙正锦 宁乐婷 DING Xu;REN Da-fei;GAO Qian-rong;LONG Zheng-jin;NING Le-ting(Tongren Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]铜仁市疾病预防控制中心,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第9期1543-1546,1563,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析含腮腺炎成分疫苗纳入免疫规划前后铜仁市流行性腮腺炎发病特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 收集2004—2020年铜仁市流腮报告病例和疫苗接种信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2004—2020年铜仁市共报告流腮13 591例,年均报告发病率为23.93/10万,整体发病呈下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=53.741,P<0.01),报告发病率从2004年的25.69/10万(977例)下降到2020年的9.28/10万(296例),扩大免疫规划实施前(2004—2007年)平均发病率35.25/10万,高于实施后(2008—2020年)平均发病率20.45/10万。发病季节表现为春末夏初(4—7月)(6 855例,50.44%)和冬季(10—12月)(3 383例,24.89%)两个发病高峰,城区(39.09/10万)发病率高于乡镇(17.86/10万),男女发病性别比为1.67∶1,以学生或5~9岁儿童为主要发病人群,在2004—2007年0~4岁、5~9岁、10~14岁、≥15岁发病率分别为70.40/10万、232.34/10万、79.51/10万、1.70/10万,2008—2020年分别为50.05/10万、152.72/10万、49.27/10万、1.97/10万。结论 MMR纳入免疫规划后铜仁市流腮发病呈下降趋势,发病季节性高峰及各地区发病率均有所降低,5~9岁人群或学生依然为主要发病人群,今后在继续做好1剂次MMR接种工作的同时,应进一步提高2剂次MMR接种水平。Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of mumps in Tongren City before and after the vaccines containing mumps components were included in the immunization program, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The reported cases and vaccination information of mumps in Tongren City from 2004 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2004 to 2020, a total of 13 591 cases of mumps were reported in Tongren City, with an average annual incidence rate of 23.93/100 000. The overall incidence rate showed a downward trend(x^(2)=53.741, P<0.01), as the reported incidence rate was 25.69/10 0000(977 cases) in 2004 and dropped to 9.28/100 000(296 cases) in 2020. Before the implementation of the expanded immunization program(2004—2007), the average incidence rate was 35.25/100 000, which was higher than that of after implementation(2008—2020), which was 20. 45/100 000. The incidence season was characterized by two peaks in late spring/early summer(April to July)(6 855 cases, accounting for 50.44%) and winter(October to December)(3 383 cases, accounting for 24.89%). The incidence rate in urban areas(39.09/100 000) was higher than that in townships(17.86/100 000). The male to female ratio was 1.67:1. Students or children aged 5-9 years were the main affected population. The incidence rates of 0-4 years old, 5-9 years old, 10-14 years old, and ≥15 years old in 2004—2007 were 70.40/100 000, 232.34/100 000, 79.51/100 000, 1.70/100 000 respectively, and 50.05/100 000, 152.72/100 000, 49.27/100 000, 1.97/100 000 from 2008 to 2020, respectively. Conclusion After MMR was introduced into the immunization program, the incidence of mumps in Tongren City has showed a downward trend. The seasonal peak of the incidence and the incidence rate in all regions have decreased. The population of 5-9 years old children or students is still the main infected population. In the future, while continuing to do a good job of 1 dose of MMR

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行病学特征 疫苗接种 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]