论事后不可罚行为的法律性质及其应用——以交通肇事“顶包”情况的处理为切入点  

The Legal Nature of Un-punishable Post Factum and Its Application——Taking the Responsibility Replacement in Traffic Accidents as an Example

作　　者：朱安迪 曲晟[1] ZHU An-di;QU Sheng(Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,Liaoning 116033)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116033

出　　处：《呼伦贝尔学院学报》2022年第2期138-142,共5页Journal of Hulunbuir University

摘　　要：事后不可罚行为是指基于一般的社会认知,在行为人实施某些犯罪行为既遂后,往往会伴随在实践中通常不再另行定罪处罚的行为。但是对其不处罚的依据,是事后不可罚行为的法律性质仍存在争议。最具代表性的竞合理论认为其可罚性被前行为吸收,构成要件理论认为其自始不符合犯罪构成,这造成了实践中处理相似案件出现的不同结果。在因诉讼时效、刑事责任能力刑法失去对前行为评价机会时,只有应用竞合理论才能够对后行为有效规制;也只有应用竞合理论,才能解决对于参与事后行为的其他行为人的评价问题。Un-punishable post factum means a behavior often accompanied with some consummated offender according to general social cognition.And this kind of behavior is always convicted and punished in practice.But the basis for this non-punishment,in other words,the legal nature of this behavior,is still controversy.Among all the theories,the most representative cooperation-competition theory thinks that its punishability is absorbed by the former behavior,and the constitutive requirements theory thinks that it does not conform to the criminal constitution at first,which also causes different results in dealing with the similar cases in practice.When the criminal law loses the opportunity to evaluate the former behavior due to the limitation of action and the ability of criminal responsibility,only the cooperation-competition theory can be applied to effectively regulate the latter behavior;only by applying the cooperation-competition theory can we solve the evaluation problem of other actors who participate in the post-behavior.

关 键 词：事后不可罚行为 竞合理论 诉讼时效 刑事责任能力 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]