汽车用高强钢的发展与展望  

Development and Prospect of High Strength Steel for Automobile

作　　者：李麟[1] LI Lin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学材料与科学工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海金属》2022年第3期1-8,共8页Shanghai Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金(50934011);973项目(2010CB630802);鞍钢集团和宝钢集团横向项目。

摘　　要：对一系列汽车用高强钢(高强度低合金(high strength low alloy,HSLA)钢、双相(dual-phase,DP)钢、复相(complex phase,CP)钢、相变诱发塑性(transformation induced plasticity,TRIP)钢、孪晶诱发塑性(twinning induced plasticity,TWIP)钢、淬火-碳分配(quenching&partitioning,Q&P)钢、中锰钢)在生产和应用中出现的问题作了回顾,所采用的处理方法也作了介绍。对应用广泛的DP钢和CP钢的特点及其在应用时可能的互为补充作了叙述。列举了提高超高强度TRIP钢塑性的方法;高锰TWIP钢因价高而受市场冷落,但可推荐为价格高且塑性很低的热冲压(hot stamping,HS)钢的替代品;相比之下,中锰钢既有优良的强塑性,又有较低的价格易被汽车商接受。Q&P钢作为低合金钢有很好的强塑性,但钢厂需配备复杂生产线。建议对低碳低合金钢如自回火钢作更多关注和探讨。Possible deficiency occurring in the production and application of a series of automotive high strength steels such as high strength low alloy(HSLA)steel,dual phase(DP)steel,complex phase(CP)steel,transformation induced plasticity(TRIP)steel,twinning induced plasticity(TWIP)steel,quenching&partitioning(Q&P)steel were described briefly,and the corresponding countermeasures adopted were introduced.Characteristics of DP and CP steels as well as their mutual effect were described.Methods to raise the toughness of ultrahigh strength TRIP steel were listed.High manganese TWIP steel is neglected by the market due to its high price,but it can be recommended as a substitute of hot stamping steel with high price and low plasticity;in contrast,medium manganese steel has high strength and plasticity with high price but in the acceptable level.Q&P steel has good plasticity as a low alloy steel,but steel mills need to be equipped with complex production lines.It is suggested that more attention and discussion should be paid to low carbon and low alloy steel,such as autotempered steel.

关 键 词：高强钢 孪晶诱发塑性钢 相变诱发塑性钢 中锰钢 自回火钢 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]