梭伦何以拒绝成为僭主  

Why Solon Refused to Be a Tyrant

作　　者：张绪强 Zhang Xuqiang(School of History and Culture&Centre for Greek Studies,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院、希腊研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2022年第2期12-19,M0003,共9页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“梭伦法律残篇整理与研究”(项目批号:21BSS049)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：面对尖锐的社会矛盾,雅典极有可能走上僭主道路,然而,梭伦当选执政官后,既不与民众结盟,也不同贵族站在一边,而是通过立法的方式处置城邦矛盾。梭伦之所以拒绝成为僭主,一方面因为僭主统治无法从根本上解决由人们短视所带来的城邦问题,另一方面取决于梭伦对理想城邦的设计。彼时雅典商品经济已有一定程度发展,在商品经济刺激下,人人渴望获取财富却又无法保证财富的合理分配,由财富争夺而引发的贵族与平民的焦虑情绪在城邦普遍存在。梭伦只有从城邦利益分配的根源上寻找应对策略,为城邦稳定建立长效机制,才能解决城邦出现的问题。After Solon was elected as the consul,he gave some laws to the polis when Athens was very likely to embark on the road of the tyrant.There were some reasons for Solon refusing to be a tyrant,of which two aspects were important.On one hand,the tyrant's rule could not fundamentally solve the problems that Athens was facing,On the other hand,Solon’s Eunomia was contradictory to the tyrant.At that time,the commodity economy of Athens had developed to a certain extent,which stimulated all the people to obtain more wealth.However,the rational distribution of wealth could not be guaranteed.The anxiety of the rich and the poor caused by wealth competition was widespread in the polis.If Solon allied himself with the poor or stood on the side of the rich,he could not fundamentally solve the problem.Solon reformed the polis as a legislator instead of a tyrant aiming at establishing a sustainable mechanism for the polis.

关 键 词：梭伦 僭主 立法 财富分配 

分 类 号：D033.1[政治法律—政治学] K125[历史地理—历史学]