永恒之火——从最新考古材料看琐罗亚斯德教圣火庙的起源问题  

Everlasting Fire:New Evidences for the Origin of the Zoroastrian Fire Temple Based on the Latest Archaeological Discoveries in Central Asia

作　　者：吴欣 Wu Xin(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2022年第2期32-48,M0004,共18页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科重点项目“考古景观视域下的古波斯帝国与中亚研究”(项目批号:18ASS004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：圣火庙的起源是研究琐罗亚斯德教起源的核心问题之一。依据古典文献,圣火庙起源于古波斯帝国晚期,但因缺乏早期的考古材料,学者们多认为圣火庙是在萨珊波斯时期才开始建立的,并且首先出现在伊朗。近年来在中亚地区进行的考古发掘揭露了一批与宗教相关的新材料,尤其是对乌兹别克斯坦南部的肯迪克·台培和科泽尔·台培神庙的发掘,为研究圣火庙的起源提供了新的考古证据。这些材料表明,圣火庙很可能起源于古波斯帝国乃至更早的时期,公元前5至前4世纪就已经在中亚确立,成为中亚仪式景观的一个重要组成部分。本研究为学者们重新考察琐罗亚斯德教起源的时间、地点以及早期传播问题提供了新的方向。The origin of the Zoroastrian fire temple remains one of the most hotly-debated topics in Zoroastrian studies.According to Classical sources,the fire temple was first established by the Persian kings during the late Achaemenid period,but due to the lack of archaeological evidence for actual fire temples,most scholars believed that the fire temple was not established until the Sassanid period,thinking it first appeared in Iran and spread east.Excavations in Central Asia in the past two decades have revealed new types of religious structures,especially at Kindyktepa and Kyzyltepa in southern Uzbekistan.These discoveries provide new evidence for the origins of the fire temple,indicating that Zoroastrian fire temples may have indeed originated during the Achaemenid period or even earlier.Based on recently discovered evidences,this paper revives the debate on the origins of Zoroastrianism and argues that the fire temple originated in Central Asia during the 5th to 4th centuries BCE or even earlier and spread westward into Iran thereafter.

关 键 词：圣火庙 琐罗亚斯德教 中亚考古 古波斯帝国 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B983[历史地理—历史学]