基于小麦产量与籽粒锰含量的磷肥优化管理  

Optimal Management of Phosphorus Fertilization Based on the Yield and Grain Manganese Concentration of Wheat

作　　者：王浩琳 马悦 李永华 李超 赵明琴 苑爱静 邱炜红[1] 何刚[1] 石美[1] 王朝辉[1,2] WANG HaoLin;MA Yue;LI YongHua;LI Chao;ZHAO MingQin;YUAN AiJing;QIU WeiHong;HE Gang;SHI Mei;WANG ZhaoHui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第9期1800-1810,I0004,I0005,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408,2018YFD0200400);国家自然科学基金(41907123);中国博士后基金(2019M663838);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2020JQ-271);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究我国北方八省区不同土壤有效磷水平和施磷量条件下小麦产量和籽粒锰含量的变化规律,为提高小麦产量、调控小麦锰营养水平和保障粮食安全生产提供依据。【方法】于 2018—2019 年在我国北方山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江 8 个省区的 34 个地点布置田间试验,设置农户施肥、监控施肥和监控无磷 3 个处理,研究北方八省区小麦的产量和籽粒锰含量及不同土壤有效磷水平下监控施磷及不施磷对小麦产量和籽粒锰含量的影响。【结果】在我国北方八省区,小麦产量平均为 6 066 kg·hm^(-2),籽粒锰含量平均为 42 mg·kg^(-1)。籽粒锰含量<32 mg·kg^(-1)的试验点占 8.8%,>44 mg·kg^(-1)的占 36.8%,籽粒锰含量偏高的问题应引起注意。随土壤有效磷含量增加,小麦产量和籽粒锰含量均显著提高,有效磷含量 20—30 mg·kg^(-1)时小麦产量最高,有效磷含量>40 mg·kg^(-1)时籽粒锰含量最高。监控施肥与农户施肥处理相比,其磷肥用量平均降低了 45.4%,但两者产量分别为 6 358 和 6 222 kg·hm^(-2),籽粒锰含量分别为 42.8 和 43.6 mg·kg^(-1),无显著差异。不同土壤有效磷水平下,监控施肥处理的小麦产量均无显著降低;土壤有效磷<10 mg·kg^(-1)时,不施磷肥降低了小麦籽粒锰含量,也降低了产量,而监控施肥仅降低了籽粒锰含量;其他土壤有效磷水平下,监控施肥均不降低籽粒锰含量。土壤有效锰含量亦随土壤有效磷含量的提高而升高,小麦籽粒锰含量与土壤有效锰含量呈显著正相关。【结论】为实现小麦高产和适宜的籽粒锰含量,土壤有效磷应维持在 20—30 mg·kg^(-1);采用监控施肥技术科学优化施磷,不会降低小麦产量,但当土壤有效磷含量<10 mg·kg^(-1),不施磷肥虽能降低小麦籽粒锰含量,但存在小麦减产的风险。【Objective】To keep the manganese (Mn) nutritional balance of wheat grains and ensure the safety, yield and quality in wheat production region of eight provinces in Northern China, the changes of concentration and accumulation of Mn in wheat grains and grains yield at different levels of soil available phosphorus (P) and different treatments of P fertilization were investigated.【Method】During 2018-2019, 34-site field experiments were conducted with three P treatments, including farmers’ fertilizer application (FF), recommended fertilizer application based on soil nitrate and P test (RF), and recommended fertilizer application without P (RF-P). The wheat yield, the concentration of Mn in wheat grain were tested, and the effects of P fertilization on wheat yield and the Mn concentration of grain at different levels of soil available P were studied. 【Result】In wheat production region of eight provinces in Northern China, the average wheat yield was 6 066 kg·hm^(-2), and the average concentration of Mn in grains was 42mg·kg^(-1). Those test sites with concentration of Mn in grains less than 32 mg·kg^(-1)or higher than 44 mg·kg^(-1), accounted for 8.8% and36.8%, respectively, which suggested that the problem of high concentration of Mn in grains should be paid attention to. With the increase of soil available P, both wheat yield and concentration of Mn in grains increased significantly. The wheat yield reached to the highest when the available P was in the range of 20-30 mg·kg^(-1), while the concentration of Mn in grains reached to the highest when the available P>40 mg·kg^(-1). P fertilizer was reduced with an average of 45.4% under the RF treatment. However, the wheat yields of RF and FF were 6 358 and 6 222 kg·hm^(-2), respectively, and the concentration of Mn in grains were 42.8 and 43.6 mg·kg^(-1),respectively, which showed no significant difference. At different levels of soil available P, RF could maintain a high wheat yield.When soil available P<10 mg·kg^(-1), RF-P reduced not only the c

关 键 词：小麦 土壤有效磷 产量 磷肥 籽粒锰含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]