临床实验室人员艾滋病职业暴露情况分析  

Occupational exposure to AIDS in clinical laboratory staff

作　　者：刘意[1] 孙丽君[1] 辛若雷[2] 冯霞[1] 李宇[1] 魏虹娟[1] 娄金丽[1] LIU Yi;SUN Li-jun;XIN Ruo-lei;FENG Xia;LI Yu;WEI Hong-juan;LOU Jin-li(Beijing You-an Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院,北京100069 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心(北京市预防医学研究中心)性病艾滋病防治所

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2022年第2期121-123,共3页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10721102-003-003)。

摘　　要：目的分析临床实验室检测人员艾滋病职业暴露风险与防护对策,更好地做好艾滋病诊疗和艾滋病职业暴露处置。方法统计2017—2020年北京佑安医院处置并上报到“全国艾滋病检测实验室信息管理系统”中的临床实验室检测人员艾滋病职业暴露事件,按暴露方式、暴露场所及HIV抗体检测结果等进行统计分析。结果共上报12例实验室检测人员艾滋病职业暴露,暴露方式以粘膜暴露或不完整皮肤暴露(9例)为主,3例为针刺或轻度锐器刺伤。其中7例暴露源HIV抗体检测情况不详,4例轻度暴露于HIV阳性血样,1例重度暴露于HIV阳性血样。12例职业暴露者均实施暴露后预防用药,随访期内无HIV血清阳转发生。结论临床实验室人员发生的艾滋病职业暴露以粘膜及不完整皮肤暴露为主要途径。应进一步加强生物安全培训,严格遵守标准操作程序,降低实验室职业暴露的发生机率。Objective To analyze the risk of occupational exposure to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)among clinical laboratory staff,and discuss the protective measures for better AIDS care service and post-exposure disposal.Methods Based on occupational AIDS exposure events of clinical laboratory staff that were treated by Beijing You-an Hospital and reported to the National AIDS Testing Laboratory Information Management System from2017 to 2020,a statistical analysis of the way of exposure,the place of exposure and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibody test results were performed.Results A total of 12 cases of occupational exposure to AIDS were reported.Nine cases were exposed through mucosal or non-intact skin contact,and three through needle or sharp puncture.Seven cases were exposed to unknown sources for HIV status,four mildly exposed to HIV-positive blood samples,and one severely exposed to HIV-positive blood samples.All the 12 cases received post-exposure prophylaxis,and no HIV seroconversion was observed during follow-up.Conclusion Occupational exposure to AIDS was mainly through mucosal and non-intact skin contact among clinical laboratory staff.It is necessary to strengthen biosafety training and enforce standard operating procedure,to reduce the occurrence of laboratory occupational exposure.

关 键 词：艾滋病病毒 职业暴露 临床实验室 粘膜暴露 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学] R197.32[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]