钙肥对葡萄根瘤蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响  

Effects of calcium fertilizer on the development and reproduction of grape phylloxera,Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Fitch)

作　　者：崔壮志 王磊[2] 王忠跃[1] 刘永强[1] CUI Zhuang-Zhi;WANG Lei;WANG Zhong-Yue;LIU Yong-Qiang(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Shanghai Jiao Tong University,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海832003

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2022年第2期276-284,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002100);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确葡萄所需的大量元素钙对葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Fitch)生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在温室中,设置不同Ca2+浓度(0、2和4 mmol·L^(-1))的钙全营养液于葡萄全生育期浇灌葡萄,评价离体根段对葡萄根瘤蚜的存活率、若蚜、成蚜寿命和繁殖力的影响。【结果】随着钙离子浓度的增加,葡萄根瘤蚜在葡萄根上的1龄若蚜历期缩短0.80倍以上,成蚜历期增加超过1.88倍,寿命显著延长超过1.18倍,产卵量提高3.34倍以上。与0 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)和2 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)处理相比,葡萄根瘤蚜在4 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)处理下的葡萄根上,内禀增长率rm、周限增长率λ和净增殖率R0均最高,分别为(0.191±0.003)、(1.210±0.004)和(169.070±11.897)(P<0.05),且世代发育历期显著缩短(P<0.05)。特定年龄龄期存活率Sxj、种群特定年龄繁殖力mx和种群特定年龄繁殖值lxmx在4 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)处理种群中保持较高水平,随着钙浓度降低,葡萄根瘤蚜的各生命参数明显降低。【结论】钙元素对葡萄根瘤蚜的生长发育和繁殖能力具有促进作用,葡萄根瘤蚜发生葡萄园更应合理使用钙肥。[Objectives]To determine the effects of the large amount of calcium fertilizer required by grapes on the development and reproduction of grape phylloxera,Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Fitch).[Methods]Grapes were watered with a nutrient solution containing either 0 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+),2 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)or 4 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)over the entire growth period in a greenhouse.After three months,the effects of these treatments on the survival rate,life span and fecundity of grape phylloxera were evaluated under laboratory conditions.[Results]Development time,longevity and adult fecundity increased by more than 1.88,1.18 and 3.34 times,respectively,with increasing calcium concentration.However,the development time of first-instar nymphs decreased more than 0.80 times.The intrinsic rate of increase(rm=0.191±0.003),the finite rate of increase(λ=1.210±0.004)and the net reproductive rate(R0=169.070±11.897),were highest in the 4 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)treatment group,and significantly so compared to the 0 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)and 2 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)treatment groups(P<0.05).The age-stage specific survival rate(Sxj),cohort age-specific fecundity(mx)and age-specific maternity(lxmx)were also highest in the 4 mmol·L^(-1) Ca^(2+)treatment group.These parameters were obviously lower at lower calcium concentrations.[Conclusion]Calcium promotes the development and reproduction of grape phylloxera,and calcium fertilizer should be applied,within reasonable limits,in vineyards where grape phylloxera occurs.

关 键 词：钙肥 葡萄根瘤蚜 发育历期 生殖 

分 类 号：S436.631[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]