大丽花花粉活力及离体萌发研究  

Pollen Viability and in Vitro Germination of Dahlia Cultivars

作　　者：段青[1,2,3] 蔡晶晶 杜文文 杨楠[4] 王祥宁 贾文杰 马璐琳[1,2,3] DUAN Qing;CAI Jingjing;DU Wenwen;YANG Nan;WANG Xiangning;JIA Wenjie;MA Lulin(Flower Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;National Ornamental Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center,Kunming 650205;Key Lab of Yunnan Flower Breeding,Kunming 6502005;College of Landscape and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650225)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院花卉研究所,昆明650205 [2]国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心,昆明650205 [3]云南省花卉育种重点实验室,昆明650205 [4]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650225

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第7期52-61,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项(生物种业和农产品精深加工重大专项)“国际花卉技术创新中心建设及成果产业化”(2019ZG006)。

摘　　要：为筛选大丽花花粉活力有效的测定方法,了解大丽花不同品种的花粉活力,以大丽花栽培品种为试验材料,采用4种方法检测大丽花花粉活力,在此基础上,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验分别对大丽花花粉的离体萌发培养条件及培养基组分进行优化,得到最优方案后进一步检测、比较不同品种之间的花粉活力。研究结果显示,TTC染色法不能使花粉着色,I_(2)-KI和孢粉染色法不能有效区分有活力和无活力花粉,离体萌发法效果良好,可准确直观地反映大丽花花粉活力状况,是测定大丽花花粉活力的有效方法。当培养条件为pH 6.0、温度25℃、培养时间2.5 h时,花粉萌发率最高。培养基组分对大丽花花粉萌发的影响程度依次为PEG>蔗糖>硼酸,实际最佳处理组合为A_(3)B_(4)C_(2),即PEG400025 g/L、蔗糖60 g/L、硼酸50 mg/L的处理组合下,大丽花花粉萌发率最高达62.1%。采用上述获得的最优方案检测22个大丽花品种的花粉活力,花粉萌发率为11.75%~78.72%,不同品种的花粉萌发率差异大,其中,‘兰花公主’的花粉萌发率最低,‘波彻儿’最高。大丽花品种的花粉活力多样性丰富,所测定的22个大丽花品种有14个品种正常可育,杂交时可用作父本;8个品种为半不育或低不育,杂交时更适合作母本。To screen out the effective method and the optimal scheme for determining pollen viability of Dahlia,as well as to understand the pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars,four methods were used to detect the pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars.On this basis,single factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were adopted to optimize the culture conditions and medium components of Dahlia pollen germination in vitro and then the pollen viability of different cultivars was further detected and compared.The results show that TTC staining method could not make pollen coloration,I;-KI staining and sporopollen staining could not effectively distinguish the active and inactive pollen,while in vitro germination culture method is an effective method to determine the pollen viability of Dahlia,which could accurately and intuitively reflect the test results.The pollen germination rate is the highest when the pH is 6.0,the cultivation temperature is 25℃ and the cultivation time is 2.5 h.The effects of medium components on the pollen germination in vitro for Dahlia are as following:PEG>sucrose>boric acid.The best combination is A_(3)B_(4)C_(2) formulated with 25 g/L PEG 400060 g/L sucrose and 50 mg/L boric acid,and the highest pollen germination rate is up to 62.1%.The pollen viability of 22 Dahlia cultivars is detected using the optimal scheme obtained above,the pollen germination rate is 11.75%-78.72%,and the pollen germination rate of different cultivars varies greatly.The pollen germination rate of‘Orchid Princess’is the lowest while that of‘Pocher’is the highest.The pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars is rich in diversity.Among the 22 Dahlia cultivars tested in this study,14 cultivars are fertile and could be used as male parent when crossing,and eight cultivars are semi-sterile or low sterile,which are more suitable for female parent.

关 键 词：大丽花 花粉活力 离体萌发 培养条件 培养基组分 

分 类 号：S682.261[农业科学—观赏园艺]