单芽段种茎机械直接补种作业对宿根蔗的影响  

Effect of mechanical replanting on ratoon cane with single bud section

作　　者：徐林 黄海荣 游建华 覃晓远 何远 邓智年 丘立杭 韦日辉 张有光 韦强 黄日宏 庞天 覃朝龙 黄振文 Xu Lin;Huang Hai-rong;You Jian-hua;Qin Xiao-yuan;He Yuan;Deng Zhi-nian;Qiu Li-hang;Wei Ri-hui;Zhang You-guang;Wei Qiang;Huang Ri-hong;Pang Tian;Qin Zhao-long;Huang Zhen-wen(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Xingbin Sugarcane Technology Extension Station of Laibin City,Laibin,Guangxi 546138;Xingbin District Shiya Town Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Laibin City,Laibin,Guangxi 546126;Liujiang District Sugarcane Technology Extension Station of Liuzhou City,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545100;Sugar Production Leading Group Office of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County,Rongshui,Guangxi 545300;Guangxi Sugar Group Honghe Sugar Co.,Ltd.,Laibin,Guangxi 546128;Baise Economic Crop Cultivation Technology Extension Station,Baise,Guangxi 533000)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]来宾市兴宾区甘蔗技术推广站,广西来宾546138 [3]来宾市兴宾区石牙镇农业农村综合服务中心,广西来宾546126 [4]柳州市柳江区甘蔗技术推广站,广西柳州545100 [5]融水苗族自治县蔗糖生产领导小组办公室,广西融水545300 [6]广西糖业集团红河制糖有限公司,广西来宾546128 [7]百色市经济作物栽培技术推广站,广西百色533000

出　　处：《广西糖业》2022年第2期3-9,共7页Guangxi Sugar Industry

基　　金：广西农业重点科技计划项目(201524);国家糖料产业技术体系“甘蔗宿根栽培岗位”(CARS-170206);广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA159024);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(桂科ZY20158007)。

摘　　要：为探讨单芽段机械作业、双芽段种茎人工直接补种作业对甘蔗品种桂糖49号宿根蔗农艺性状及产量的影响,为宿根蔗机械化补种作业的进一步利用提供科学依据,该研究分别采用桂辐98-296和桂糖49号单芽段机械补种、双芽段种茎手工补种桂糖49号的宿根蔗,调查不同补种方式的农艺性状、产量、产糖量及各指标间的相关性。试验结果表明,桂辐98-296单芽段、双芽段种茎直接补种的蔗株成茎率高,且其茎径无明显差异,有效茎数比对照增加约22.1%。桂辐98-296生长速度快,其补种蔗株7月和11月株高与桂糖49号宿根蔗无明显差别,且病害发生率低于桂糖49号,结果补种处理的平均甘蔗产量和产糖量分别比对照显著增加31.91%和31.71%。桂糖49号单芽段和双芽段直接补种桂糖49号宿根蔗的处理与对照相比,甘蔗产量和产糖量等各项指标均未达到显著差异。可见,桂辐98-296种茎单芽段机械化与双芽段种茎人工直接补种桂糖49号宿根蔗能有效改善群体结构,显著提高单产和产糖量,有效解决缺株断垄导致产量下降的问题,延长了宿根年限。同时,利用单芽段进行机械补种作业获得了成功,有助于提高劳动生产率及降低补种生产成本。To explore the effect of supplemental planting with the single-bud setts by machine and double-bud setts by hand operation on the agronomic characters and cane yield in ratoon crop of sugarcane variety GT49,and to provide scientific basis for the popularization of mechanical supplemental planting operation,we conducted a supplemental planting experiment in the ratoon crop of sugarcane variety GT49 with the single-bud setts by machine and double-bud setts by hand operation using two sugarcane varieties GF98-296 and GT49,and the ratoon crop of GT49 without supplemental planting was used as CK.The agronomic traits and cane and sugar yields were investigated.Results showed there was no obvious difference in stem diameter in different treatments.The millable stalks/hm2 was significantly increased by 22.1%in the treatments with supplemental planting of the single-and double-bud setts of GF98-296 as compared with CK.The new GF98-296 plants grew faster and had lower disease incidence than those of ratoon crop of GT49,and their plant height showed no obvious difference from that in ratoon crop in July and November.The treatment with supplemental planting of the single-and double-bud setts of GF98-296 increased cane yield and sugar yield by 31.91%and 31.71%,respectively,than CK.However,the treatment with supplemental planting of the single-and double-bud setts of GT49 showed no significant differences in all the indexes as compared to CK.It is concluded that supplemental planting with the single-bud setts by machine and double-bud setts by hand operation in GT49 ratoon crop improved the population structure,and cane and sugar yields of the crop,and effectively solved the problem of cane yield reduction because of lower shooting rate in the ratoon crop so it is good for increasing number of ratoon crops.At the same time,the operation of supplemental planting with the single-bud setts by machine was successful,which would be helpful to improve the productivity and reduce the production cost of supplemental planting.

关 键 词：单芽段 双芽段 机械化补种 人工补种 农艺性状 桂糖49号 作业效率 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]