拆分互联网巨头:历史经验与时代抉择--全球反垄断的历史视角与超级平台治理的中国方案  

Breaking up Internet Giants:The Historical Perspective of Global Antitrust and China’s Scheme of Super Platform Governance

作　　者：方兴东 钟祥铭[2] FANG Xing-dong;ZHONG Xiang-ming(Gollege of Media and International Culture,Zhejiang University,Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310012;Institute of Internet and Society,Zhejiang University of Media and Communication,Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江传媒学院互联网与社会研究院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第8期5-14,94,共11页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“融媒体环境下互联网平台型企业现代治理模式研究”(20&ZD321);2019年国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“新中国70年新闻传播史1949—2019”(19ZDA320)。

摘　　要：中美欧三地同时掀起互联网平台反垄断浪潮之际,有必要更深入了解反垄断的战略和使命。通过全球反垄断的历史回顾和中美欧三地各自政策和制度取向,剖析一个世纪以来针对标准石油、AT&T、IBM、微软以及Facebook的反垄断案例。针对互联网巨头的拆分举措,是体现反垄断价值,并取得“一锤定音”最佳效果的必由之路。反垄断不仅仅是为了简单规制滥用垄断的行为问题,而是打开症结,激活整个产业竞争与创新活力,推动人类技术创新浪潮,开创全新局面的重要举措。拆分举措不管最终结果如何,都充当着取得重大突破性效果的“终极武器”。它不仅考验国家反垄断立法和司法经验,更考虑国家治理现代化的战略境界和政治智慧。在全球数字地缘政治崛起的背景下,针对阿里和腾讯,中国反垄断部门应该将拆分列为重要的优先选项,展示中国的制度优势和战略意志。At a time when China,the United States and Europe simultaneously set off an antitrust wave of Internet platforms,it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the antitrust strategy and mission.Through the historical review of global antitrust and the policies and institutional orientations of China,the United States and Europe,this paper analyzes the antitrust cases against standard oil,AT&T,IBM,Microsoft and Facebook in the past century.The breakup of Internet giants is the only and best way to realize the antitrust value once for all.Antitrust is not only to regulate the abuse of monopoly,but also an important measure to open the knot,activate the competitive and innovative vitality of the whole industry and promote human technological innovation.Whatever the result,the breakup is the“ultimate weapon”to achieve major breakthrough.It not only tests the national antitrust legislation and judicial experience,but also relates to the national strategic and political wisdom in governance modernization.With the rise of global digital geopolitics,China’s antitrust authorities should prioritize breakup to show China’s institutional advantages and strategic will with regards to Ali and Tencent.

关 键 词：垄断 反垄断 拆分 超级平台 互联网反垄断 反垄断法 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]