化肥减量配施生物炭对辣椒生长及养分吸收利用的影响  

Effect of Reduced Fertilizer with Supplementary Biochar on Growth and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Pepper

作　　者：田筱 张龙芬 王高飞 毛明明 王岩 白立伟 邢丹[1,2] TIAN Xiao;ZHANG Longfen;WANG Gaofei;MAO Mingming;WANG Yan;BAI Liwei;XING Dan(Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Pepper Research,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550000,China;Changshun County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Changshun 550700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院辣椒研究所,贵阳550000 [3]长顺县农业农村局,贵州长顺550700

出　　处：《辣椒杂志》2022年第1期12-17,共6页Journal of China Capsicum

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“基于无人机高光谱遥感的辣椒长势监测技术与变量施肥管理研究”[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y172号];贵州省科技计划项目“辣椒优新品种及配套高产栽培技术示范推广”[黔科合成果(2021)一般061];辣椒耐寒材料鉴定及抗寒CaCBFs和CaCORs基因的研究[黔农科院青年基金(2018)36号];贵州科学院青年基金项目“空基遥感与地基观测一体化的山地辣椒长势遥感监测研究”[黔科院J字(2018)25号]。

摘　　要：研究不同添加量的生物炭与常规施肥、化肥减量配合施用对辣椒生长、养分吸收利用的影响,为合理利用生物炭促进辣椒生长和提高辣椒养分吸收利用率提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,设常规施肥(F100)、化肥减量10%(F90)、化肥减量20%(F80)作为3个施肥水平,分别配施辣椒秸秆制成的生物炭添加量占盆栽土壤干质量(5 kg)的2%(B2)、5%(B5),以常规施肥作为空白对照。与土壤混合装盆,后期不追肥,共9个处理,每个处理3次重复。试验结果表明,与单施化肥相比,添加生物炭后的处理显著提高了辣椒氮、磷、钾含量及氮、磷、钾吸收利用率,并促进辣椒生长指标的提高。其中常规施肥经添加2%生物炭后辣椒各部位养分含量、氮磷钾利用率、株高、茎粗、生物量、SPAD均为最高。结论显示,2%生物炭和5%生物炭与肥料配施均可显著提高辣椒对养分的吸收利用,促进辣椒的生长发育。两种添加量相比,以添加2%生物炭的效果更好。The effects of supplementary biochar in fertilizer on the growth and nutrient uptake and utilization of pepper were investigated in this study with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of biochar in fertilization.In the pot experiment,conventional amount(F100),reduction of 10%(F90),and reduction of 20%(F80)were used as three fertilizer levels.The biochar made from pepper straw was added at 2%(B2)and 5%(B5)of the dry weight of the potted soil(5 kg),respectively.The conventional fertilizer was used as the control A total of 9 treatments and 3 replications for each treatment were adopted.No fertilizers were further applied after the treatments.The results showed that the treatment with supplementary biochar significantly improved the N,P and K contents and N,P and K uptake utilization of pepper,and increased the growth index of pepper compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone.Among them,the nutrient content,plant height,stem thickness,biomass,SPADs of all parts,and the utilization rates of N,P and K of pepper were the highest for the conventional fertilization with 2%biochar.Both 2%and 5%biochar applications with fertilizer significantly improved the nutrient uptake and utilization of pepper and promoted the growth and development of pepper.Compared with the 5%biochar application,the 2%biochar was more effective.

关 键 词：生物炭 化肥 辣椒 生长 养分 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]