定植密度和生长年限对黄芩生长发育和产量及种植效益的影响  

Planting Density and Growth Years of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi:Effects on Growth,Yield and Planting Benefit

作　　者：李怀德[1] 崔同霞[1] 范重秀[1] 姚友旭 惠和平[1] LI Huaide;CUI Tongxia;FAN Chongxiu;YAO Youxu;HUI Heping(Gansu Agriculture Technology College,Lanzhou 730020)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业职业技术学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第12期41-46,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项“甘肃本草众智中医药文化传承创新创业试验实践基地”(30440323);甘肃省教育厅高校创新能力提升项目“中药材黄芩扦插扩繁技术研究”(2020A-226);甘肃农业职业技术学院科研流动站项目“中药材新品种选育及实用栽培技术研究”(2017-GNZY-02)。

摘　　要：为了探索黄芩在甘肃中部地区最佳的定植密度和采收年限,本文以黄芩种苗为试验材料,研究黄芩种植密度为45万株/hm^(2)、60万株/hm^(2)、75万株/hm^(2)、90万株/hm^(2)、105万株/hm^(2)和120万株/hm^(2)的二年生和三年生药材,测定其生长发育及产量相关指标,并估算效益。结果表明:两年生和三年生黄芩在栽培密度为45万株/hm^(2)时,其籽粒产量较高,分别为50.46 kg/hm^(2)和62.77 kg/hm^(2);密度为105万株/hm^(2)时,其鲜药产量较高,分别为11167.23 kg/hm^(2)和16725.84 kg/hm^(2);栽培密度为75万株/hm^(2)时,药材的平均单根最长最粗,鲜药和籽粒产量较高,纯收益最高,分别达到41009.39元//hm^(2)和85083.64元/hm^(2)。三年生黄芩除折干率外,产量性状指标均极显著高于二年生黄芩,纯收益增加35237.89~44074.25元/hm^(2)。可见,适于甘肃中部地区黄芩最佳栽培密度为75万株/hm^(2),收获年限以三年生为好。In order to explore the best planting density and harvest time of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in central region of Gansu Province,in this study,the seedlings of S.baicalensis were used as experimental materials,the two-year-old and three-year-old medicinal materials of S.baicalensis were studied with planting densities of 450000 plants/hm^(2),600000 plants/hm^(2),750000 plants/hm^(2),900000 plants/hm^(2),1050000 plants/hm^(2)and 1200000 plants/hm^(2).The relative indexes of growth and yield were measured,and the planting benefit of S.baicalensis was estimated.The results showed that the seed yield of two-year-old and three-year-old of S.baicalensis was 50.46 kg/hm^(2)and 62.77 kg/hm^(2),respectively,when the planting density was 450000 plants/hm^(2).The fresh medicine yield of two-year-old and three-year-old was 11167.23 kg/hm^(2)and 16725.84 kg/hm^(2),respectively,when the plant density was 1050000 plants/hm^(2).When the planting density was 750000 plants/hm^(2),the average single root was the longest and thickest,the yield of fresh medicine and seed were relatively high,and the net profit was the highest,reaching 41009.39 yuan/hm^(2)and 85083.64 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.Except the drying rate,the yield indexes of three-year-old S.baicalensis were significantly higher than those of twoyear-old S.baicalensis,and the net benefit was increased by 35237.89yuan/hm^(2)-44074.25 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,the optimal planting density of S.baicalensis in central Gansu is 750000 plants/hm^(2),and the best harvest time is three years after planting.

关 键 词：黄芩 定植密度 生长年限 生长发育 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S359.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]