胚挽救技术创造无核抗病葡萄新种质  

Breeding New Grape Germplasm of Seedless and Disease Resistance by Embryo Rescue Technique

作　　者：刘可可 李莎莎 骆强伟 徐炎[1] 王跃进[1] LIU Keke;LI Shasha;LUO Qiangwei;XU Yan;WANG Yuejin(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resource Utilization in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Development and Research Centre of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan,Xinjiang 838200)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/农业部西北地区园艺作物生物与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第11期22-29,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国野生毛葡萄特有芪合成酶基因抗白粉病机理研究”(31872055);国家葡萄产业技术体系建设专项基金“无核材料种质创制”(CARS-29-yc-3)。

摘　　要：为提高无核抗病、优质葡萄新种质的选育效率,以无核欧洲葡萄品种作母本,中国野生刺葡萄‘塘尾’‘、雪峰’、山葡萄‘双优’及欧山杂交品种‘北醇’做父本,利用胚挽救技术对取样时间和培养基进行优化;用分子标记筛选后代的无核与抗病性状。结果表明:(1)15个杂交组合中共获得杂交果实13341个,接种幼胚珠8589枚,幼胚发育胚1338枚,平均胚发育率15.59%,正常成苗234株,平均成苗率2.73%‘,红宝石无核’ב塘尾’组合胚挽救效果最好,胚发育率为40.17%、成苗率7.76%和成苗植株数178株。(2)‘火焰无核’×北醇’授粉后42天取样,胚发育率(11.37%)和萌发率(3.52%)为最高‘。京可晶’ב北醇’授粉后38天取样,胚发育率(4.3%)和萌发率(1.08%)为最高。(3)以MM3为基础培养基,外源添加3 mmol/L的腐胺‘,红宝石无核’ב塘尾’获得胚发育率(55.83%)和成苗率(20%)为最高。(4)4个自然授粉的品种(‘昆香无核’‘、美丽无核’‘、红宝石无核’‘、赫什无核’),其胚珠在E20A培养基中更有利于幼胚发育率提升。(5)使用葡萄无核标记SCF27-2000和GSLP1-569、抗霜霉病标记S294-369和S382-615及抗白粉病标记OPY13-661进行筛选,杂种后代中有16株同时携带无核且抗霜霉病与抗白粉病特异性条带。该试验为无核葡萄抗病育种提供了新材料,将为进一步开展中国野生葡萄育种相关研究奠定基础。The aim of this study is to improve the breeding efficiency of new seedless grape germplasm with disease resistance and high quality,and lay a foundation for further research on Chinese wild grape germplasms.The seedless European grape varieties were used as the female parent,while the Chinese wild grape germplasms‘Tangwei’,‘Xuefeng’,Vitis amurensis Rupr.Cv‘Shuangyou’,and‘Beichun’(Vitis vinifera L.×Vitis amurensis Rupr.)were used as the male parent.The sampling time and culture medium were optimized using embryo rescue techniques,and the progeny were screened for seedless and disease-resistant traits using molecular markers.The results showed that:(1)a total of 13,341 hybrid berries were obtained from15 hybrid combinations,among which 8,589 young ovules were inoculated,and 1,338 young embryos were developed,with an average embryo development rate of 15.59%;234 normal seedlings were established,with an average seedling establishment rate of 2.73%;the combination of‘Ruby Seedless’בTangwei’had the best embryo rescue effect with 40.17%embryo development rate,7.76%seedling establishment rate and 178obtained plants;(2)at 42 d after pollination,the development rate and germination rate for hybrid embryos of‘Flame Seedless’בBeichun’reached the peak,which were 11.37%and 3.52%,respectively;furthermore,at38 d after pollination,the development rate and germination rate for hybrid embryos of‘Jingkejing’בBeichun’reached the highest level,which were 4.3%and 1.08%,respectively;(3)the hybrid ovules of‘Ruby Seedless’בTangwei’were cultured on MM3 medium with exogenous addition of 3 mmol/L putrescine,the embryo development rate and seedling establishment rate achieved the peak level,which were 55.83%and 20%,respectively;(4)the ovules of the four naturally pollinated varieties‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Beauty Seedless’,‘Kunxiang Seedless’and‘Heshi Seedless’were cultured in different embryos development media,and the E20A medium was more conducive to improve the developmen

关 键 词：葡萄 无核 抗病性 胚挽救 分子标记辅助选择 

分 类 号：S332.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]