基于地理探测器的公园绿地空间利用格局及其影响机制  

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Mechanism of Green Space Use in Park Based on Geographical Detector

作　　者：杨毅[1] 周晓丹 刘向宇 YANG Yi;ZHOU Xiao-dan;LIU Xiang-yu(Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;School of Architecture and Planning,Shenyang Urban Construction University,Shenyang 110167 China;Shenyang Urban Planning&Design Institute co.,LTD,Shenyang 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学,沈阳110168 [2]沈阳城市建设学院建筑与规划学院,沈阳110167 [3]沈阳市规划设计研究院有限公司,沈阳110004

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第2期157-165,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(LJKZ0552)。

摘　　要：公园绿地等公共资源的空间配置关乎民生健康和空间公平等重大社会议题,合理衡量地理区位、邻里和社会经济等因素对公园绿地空间分异的影响将有助于反映当前存在的资源配置及其社会公平问题。基于改进的高斯两步移动搜索法,本研究以沈阳市中心城区为研究区,将传统指标与新兴数据结合从步行可达性、绿地占有量和悦跑活力指数3个角度评价公园绿地的空间利用水平,并利用地理探测器从区位特征、邻里特征和社会特征3个方面探究空间分异的影响机制。结果表明:(1)空间利用格局方面,公园绿地的步行可达空间分布存在空间分异性,核心城区内沿轴带分布,外围则围绕点状聚集,仅有50.02%的居民可在15min步行内到达公园绿地;绿地占有量呈现3组团镶嵌分布格局,虽然绿地分布广泛,但有67.59%的区域处人均绿地占有量低;在悦跑指数上,居民的选择以优质的浑河生态廊道为主,公园绿地为辅,城郊的高校与大型公园的利用率相对较高。(2)影响机制方面,区位特征与社会特征对绿地占有量和步行可达性有明显影响,邻里特征对于步行可达性和悦跑指数有较强的解释力。由此可知,3个角度的空间利用格局是局部有交集、整体不重合的关系,所以对交集内和交集外的地区应根据交通、人口、经济和设施配置等影响因素的空间特点,因地制宜制定规划方案。The spatial allocation of public resources such as park green space matters people’s livelihood,health and spatial equity and other social issues.Measuring the impact of geographical location,neighborhood and social economy on the spatial differentiation of park green space will help reflect the problems in resource allocation and social equity.Based on the Gaussian based two-step floating catchment area method,this study combined traditional index and emerging data,evaluated the utilization of the park green space from the accessibility,occupancy and joyrun in the inner city in Shenyang,and used the geographical detector from location,neighborhood and society aspects to explore the spatial differentiation mechanism.The results showed that:(1)For spatial utilization:the walking accessibility of green space in park had spatial differentiation,which ran along the axis in the central city and clustered around points in the suburbs.Only 50.02%of residents can reach the park green space within 15 minutes.The occupancy showed a cluster of three groups.Although green space was widely distributed,67.59%of the regions had low per capita occupancy.In terms of joyrun index,the residents’choice was mainly the high-quality Hun river ecological corridor,supplemented by the park green space,and the utilization of colleges and large parks in the suburbs was relatively high.(2)Influencing mechanism:Locations and society had a significant impact on green space occupancy and walking accessibility,and neighborhood had a strong explanatory power on walking accessibility and joyrun index.The spatial utilization pattern of the three perspectives is a relationship of local intersection but not overlap,thus planning schemes should be formulated according to the spatial characteristics which are influenced by traffic,population,economy and facility configuration in the regions within and outside the intersection.

关 键 词：可达性 高斯两步移动搜索法 空间公平 地理探测器 影响因素 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]