陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和金鸡菊(Coreopsis lanceolata)——植物修复效应比较  

Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province

作　　者：井明博[1,2] 王金成[1,2,3] 张威 周立辉 张绍鹏 JING Mingbo;WANG Jincheng;ZHANG Wei;ZHOU Lihui;ZHANG Shaopeng(College of Life Science and Technology,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Institute of Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China;No.11 Oil Production Plant,Changqing Oilfield Company,CNPC,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态修复重点实验室陇东学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]甘肃省极端环境微生物资源与工程重点实验室中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]安全环保技术研究所长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院,陕西西安710021 [5]中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2022年第3期853-862,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：甘肃省自然基金项目(21JR1RM333);国家自然科学基金项目(31860148);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(20JR5RA548);2020年甘肃省省委组织部陇原青年创新创业项目;陇东学院博士基金项目(XYBY1909);庆阳市科技人才专项计划项目(2022-0408-RCZX-001)。

摘　　要：对陇东黄土高原地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和金鸡菊(Coreopsis lanceolata)植物修复效应进行分析比较。经5个月场地修复试验,相关植物生理、土壤理化及微生物指标分析结果表明:(1)金鸡菊和紫花苜蓿根区土壤总石油烃(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons,TPH)去除率最高可达75.33%和69.88%;(2)7%和9%油污土壤对金鸡菊生理特性的抑制作用相对较小,且其根区土壤pH、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于紫花苜蓿(P<0.05);(3)金鸡菊根区土壤中食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、嗜盐单胞菌(Halomonas)和类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)等相对丰度显著高于紫花苜蓿(P<0.05);(4)油污浓度增加抑制了紫花苜蓿植物生理进而限制其根区TPH去除率,而土壤理化和微生物的共同作用使得金鸡菊根区土壤TPH去除率高于紫花苜蓿。Phytoremediation is the most eco-friendly,economically sustainable,cost-effective technology available for the biodegradation of soil pollutants,while crude-oil-contaminated soil is susceptible to many factors in the process of phytoremediation,including climatic conditions,landform and soil properties,etc.The main properties of the Loess Plateau are high degree of salinization,an arid,and lack of soil fertility,thereby there are obvious regional vegetation distribution in this area.Compositae have strong drought resistance and tolerance and it is a ubiquitous plant growing wild and widely distributed throughout Northwest China.However,the phytoremediation effect of crude oil contaminated soil by Compositae has not been further studied in the Loess Plateau.Thus,in order to analyze and compare the phytoremediation efficiency of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis lanceolata on oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau.The indigenous plants M.sativa and C.lanceolata were selected as the test plants,and a five months site remediation experiment was conducted in Changqing Oilfield Company,Qingyang City of Gansu Province.The changes of TPH(Total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)removal rate,plant growth index,soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities as well as microbial community structure in root-zone soil of M.sativa and C.lanceolata under different crude oil concentrations,i.e.,light pollution group(TPH=3%),moderate pollution group(TPH=7%)and heavy pollution group(TPH=9%),were measured.We found that:(1)With the crude oil concentration increase from 3%to 9%,the removal rates of TPH in the root-zone soil of M.sativa were 69.88±4.16%、42.59±3.94%、19.20±2.77%and 2.01±0.19%,while were75.33±2.91%、74.87±2.79%、42.47±1.99%and 2.20±0.51%in the root-zone soil of C.lanceolata,respectively.(2)The emergence rate and chlorophyll a/b value of the two tested plants were not significantly affected by crude oil concentrations at 3%,while the effects of oil concentrations ranged from 7%to 9%

关 键 词：原油污染土壤 紫花苜蓿 金鸡菊 植物修复 陇东地区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173