河套灌区西部土壤盐渍化分异特征及其主控因素  

Differentiation characteristics and main influencing factors of soil salinization in theWest of Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：苏春利[1,2] 纪倩楠 陶彦臻 谢先军 潘洪捷[3] SU Chunli;JI Qiannan;TAO Yanzhen;XIE Xianjun;PAN Hongjie(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;National Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Traceability and Control,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]国家环境保护水污染溯源与管控重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [3]内蒙古自治区地质调查院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2022年第3期916-923,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然资源厅“河套灌区盐碱地生物修复与综合开发研究”。

摘　　要：由于长期引黄灌溉,河套灌区土壤广泛次生盐渍化,严重影响了区域经济和生态良性发展。通过对河套灌区西部临河区土壤盐渍化现状进行系统调查分析,查明了研究区内土壤盐渍化程度、类型及其分布特征,讨论了区域土壤盐渍化的主要影响因素和成因。结果表明:(1)研究区内50%以上的土壤发生了不同程度次生盐渍化,呈斑块状分布,北部及东南部土壤盐渍化较严重,尤其是总干渠和黄济渠两侧的洼地;土壤主要盐分类型为SO_(4)-Na和SO_(4)·Cl-Na型。(2)研究区浅层地下水的总溶解固体(TDS)含量平均值为2.13 g·L^(-1),属于微咸水,平均水位埋深为4.65 m,65%的调查点埋深小于3 m。(3)长期地表漫灌和冬季压盐引起的地下水位抬升和强烈的蒸发浓缩作用是形成高TDS地下水的直接原因,而较高的地下水盐度、浅层地下水位抬升和强烈的潜水蒸发引起的盐分上升是冲积平原土壤盐渍化的主要控制因素。As a result of long-term irrigation from the Yellow River,the Hetao Irrigation Area has experienced ex-tensive soil secondary salinization,which seriously affects the development of the regional economy and ecology.The degree,type,and distribution characteristics of soil salinization in the western Hetao Irrigation Area,and the main factors affecting soil salinization are investigated.Results show that more than 50%of the soil samples in the study area were salinized to varying degrees,which is distributed in patches and blocks.The degree of soil sa-linization in the north and southeast was serious than that of other parts of the study area,especially in the depres-sions along the Main canal and Huangji canal.The main types of soil salinity were SO_(4)-Na and SO_(4)·Cl-Na.The average total dissolved solids(TDS)of groundwater in the study area was 2.13 g∙L^(-1),which is classified as brack-ish water.The average buried depth of groundwater level is 4.65 m,and 65%of the sampled wells were less than 3 m.High TDS groundwater,which is resulted from long-term flood irrigation and strong evaporation,is the direct cause of soil salinization.The main factors affecting soil salinization in alluvial plains include the elevated sa-linity of groundwater,shallow groundwater levels caused by agricultural irrigation,and strong evaporation of phreatic water.

关 键 词：土壤盐渍化 地下水位 含盐量 成因机理 灌溉 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S156.41[农业科学—土壤学]